महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-45

अक्रुध्यत रणे भीमस्तैस्तदा पर्यवस्थितैः ।
सोऽवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं पदातिः समवस्थितः ॥४५॥

45. akrudhyata raṇe bhīmastaistadā paryavasthitaiḥ ,
so'vatīrya rathāttūrṇaṁ padātiḥ samavasthitaḥ.

45. akrudhyata raṇe bhīmaḥ taiḥ tadā paryavasthitaiḥ
saḥ avatīrya rathāt tūrṇam padātiḥ samavasthitaḥ

45. tadā taiḥ paryavasthitaiḥ raṇe bhīmaḥ na akrudhyata
saḥ tūrṇam rathāt avatīrya padātiḥ samavasthitaḥ

45. Bhima did not become angry in battle when surrounded by them at that time. He quickly descended from his chariot and stood firm as a foot-soldier.

Words meanings summery:

• अक्रुध्यत (akrudhyata) - he was not angry, he did not get angry

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Kaurava warriors) (by them)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पर्यवस्थितैः (paryavasthitaiḥ) - by those who stood around, by those who surrounded

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhima) (he, that one)

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having dismounted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• पदातिः (padātiḥ) - on foot, foot-soldier

• समवस्थितः (samavasthitaḥ) - stood firm, took up a position, established

Words meanings and morphology

अक्रुध्यत (akrudhyata) - he was not angry, he did not get angry

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of krudh

Imperfect Middle 3rd Singular. The 'a' prefix indicates past tense (augment).

Root: krudh (class 4)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (name of a Pāṇḍava), terrible, formidable

Note: Subject of 'akrudhyata' and 'samavasthitaḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Kaurava warriors) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Kaurava warriors. Acts as an agent with the participle 'paryavasthitaiḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivation from 'tad'.

Note: Temporal adverb.

पर्यवस्थितैः (paryavasthitaiḥ) - by those who stood around, by those who surrounded

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paryavasthita

paryavasthita - surrounded, encompassed, established, stood around

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with prefixes pari- and ava-.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'taiḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhima) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhima.

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having dismounted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √tṛ (to cross, to pass over) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Action prior to 'samavasthitaḥ'.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Can function as an adverb in neuter accusative singular.

पदातिः (padātiḥ) - on foot, foot-soldier

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of padāti

padāti - foot-soldier, pedestrian, on foot

Note: Describes Bhima's state.

समवस्थितः (samavasthitaḥ) - stood firm, took up a position, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samavasthita

samavasthita - stood firm, established, arrayed, taken a stand

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam- and ava-.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicates Bhima's action after dismounting.