महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-10

ते रणाद्भरतश्रेष्ठ तावकाः प्राद्रवन्दिशः ।
धावन्तश्चाप्यदृश्यन्त श्वसमानाः शरातुराः ॥१०॥

10. te raṇādbharataśreṣṭha tāvakāḥ prādravandiśaḥ ,
dhāvantaścāpyadṛśyanta śvasamānāḥ śarāturāḥ.

10. te raṇāt bharataśreṣṭha tāvakāḥ prādravan diśaḥ
dhāvantaḥ ca api adṛśyanta śvasamānāḥ śarāturāḥ

10. bharataśreṣṭha te tāvakāḥ raṇāt diśaḥ prādravan
ca api dhāvantaḥ śarāturāḥ śvasamānāḥ adṛśyanta

10. O best of the Bharatas (bharataśreṣṭha), your (warriors) fled from the battle in all directions. And they were seen running, panting heavily, and afflicted by arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (Kaurava warriors) (those, they)

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from combat

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed by Saṃjaya) (O best among the Bharatas)

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Kaurava) warriors (yours, your own (people/warriors))

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions, quarters)

• धावन्तः (dhāvantaḥ) - (while) running (running, fleeing)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - and (intensifying 'ca') (also, even, indeed)

• अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - they were seen

• श्वसमानाः (śvasamānāḥ) - panting, breathing heavily

• शरातुराः (śarāturāḥ) - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (Kaurava warriors) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Kaurava warriors.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from combat

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed by Saṃjaya) (O best among the Bharatas)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Kaurava) warriors (yours, your own (people/warriors))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, related to you

Derived from 'tva' (you)

Note: Refers to the Kaurava army.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of prā-dru

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Augment 'ā' before 'dru' due to 'pra' prefix.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Often used idiomatically to mean 'in all directions' when referring to fleeing.

धावन्तः (dhāvantaḥ) - (while) running (running, fleeing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhāvat

dhāvat - running

present active participle

From root 'dhāv' (to run).

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (those warriors).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - and (intensifying 'ca') (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Combined with 'ca' (cāpi) to mean 'and also' or 'and indeed'.

अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - they were seen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Root 'dṛś' takes 'y' in passive. 'a-' prefix for imperfect.

श्वसमानाः (śvasamānāḥ) - panting, breathing heavily

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvasamāna

śvasamāna - breathing, panting, gasping

present middle participle

From root 'śvas' (to breathe, pant).

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (those warriors).

शरातुराः (śarāturāḥ) - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ātura)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• ātura – afflicted, distressed, sick
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (those warriors).