महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-11

तान्प्रभग्नान्द्रुतान्दृष्ट्वा हतोत्साहान्पराजितान् ।
अभ्यद्रवन्त पाञ्चालाः पाण्डवाश्च जयैषिणः ॥११॥

11. tānprabhagnāndrutāndṛṣṭvā hatotsāhānparājitān ,
abhyadravanta pāñcālāḥ pāṇḍavāśca jayaiṣiṇaḥ.

11. tān prabhagnān drutān dṛṣṭvā hatotsāhān parājitān
abhyadravanta pāñcālāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ca jayaiṣiṇaḥ

11. prabhagnān drutān hatotsāhān parājitān tān dṛṣṭvā
jayaiṣiṇaḥ pāñcālāḥ ca pāṇḍavāḥ abhyadravanta

11. Having seen those (warriors) broken, fled, disheartened, and defeated, the Pañcālas and the Pāṇḍavas, desirous of victory (jayaiṣiṇaḥ), charged towards them.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (Kaurava warriors) (them, those)

• प्रभग्नान् (prabhagnān) - routed (in battle) (broken, shattered, routed)

• द्रुतान् (drutān) - fled, run away

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• हतोत्साहान् (hatotsāhān) - whose enthusiasm is killed, disheartened, dispirited

• पराजितान् (parājitān) - defeated, conquered

• अभ्यद्रवन्त (abhyadravanta) - they rushed towards, they charged

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcālas (people from the Pañcāla kingdom)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• च (ca) - and

• जयैषिणः (jayaiṣiṇaḥ) - desirous of victory, victory-seeking

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (Kaurava warriors) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Kaurava warriors who fled.

प्रभग्नान् (prabhagnān) - routed (in battle) (broken, shattered, routed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, defeated, routed, shattered

past passive participle

From 'bhaj' (to break) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhaj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

द्रुतान् (drutān) - fled, run away

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of druta

druta - run, fled, quick

past passive participle

From root 'dru' (to run).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound verb with subsequent action.

हतोत्साहान् (hatotsāhān) - whose enthusiasm is killed, disheartened, dispirited

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+utsāha)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• utsāha – energy, enthusiasm, courage
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

पराजितान् (parājitān) - defeated, conquered

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered

past passive participle

From root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'parā'.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

अभ्यद्रवन्त (abhyadravanta) - they rushed towards, they charged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of abhi-dru

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: 'abhi' + 'a-drava' results in 'abhyadrava'.

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcālas (people from the Pañcāla kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king or person from the Pañcāla country

Derived from Pañcāla (name of a country/tribe).

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu (father of the five Pāṇḍavas).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जयैषिणः (jayaiṣiṇaḥ) - desirous of victory, victory-seeking

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+eṣin)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• eṣin – desirous of, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'iṣ' (to desire, seek).
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

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