महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-59

शृणुध्वं क्षत्रियाः सर्वे यावन्तः स्थ समागताः ।
यदा शूरं च भीरुं च मारयत्यन्तकः सदा ।
को नु मूढो न युध्येत पुरुषः क्षत्रियब्रुवः ॥५९॥

59. śṛṇudhvaṁ kṣatriyāḥ sarve yāvantaḥ stha samāgatāḥ ,
yadā śūraṁ ca bhīruṁ ca mārayatyantakaḥ sadā ,
ko nu mūḍho na yudhyeta puruṣaḥ kṣatriyabruvaḥ.

59. śṛṇudhvam kṣatriyāḥ sarve yāvantaḥ stha
samāgatāḥ | yadā śūraṃ ca bhīruṃ ca
mārayati antakaḥ sadā | kaḥ nu mūḍhaḥ
na yudhyeta puruṣaḥ kṣatriyabruvaḥ

59. sarve yāvantaḥ samāgatāḥ kṣatriyāḥ
śṛṇudhvam yadā antakaḥ sadā śūraṃ
ca bhīruṃ ca mārayati kaḥ nu mūḍhaḥ
kṣatriyabruvaḥ puruṣaḥ na yudhyeta

59. O Kṣatriyas, all of you who are assembled, listen! Since Death (antakaḥ) always slays both the brave and the timid, what foolish person (puruṣa), who merely calls himself a Kṣatriya, would not fight?

Words meanings summery:

• शृणुध्वम् (śṛṇudhvam) - listen (to my words) (listen, hear)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - O warriors! (vocative plural) (warrior, member of the Kṣatriya caste)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of you (all, whole, every)

• यावन्तः (yāvantaḥ) - all those who are present in such numbers (as many as, as much as)

• स्थ (stha) - as many as you are (assembled) (you are)

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - those who have gathered here (assembled, gathered, arrived)

• यदा (yadā) - since, because (introducing a reason) (when, at which time)

• शूरम् (śūram) - a brave person (brave, hero)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भीरुम् (bhīrum) - a timid person, a coward (timid, fearful, a coward)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मारयति (mārayati) - Death kills (causes to die, kills)

• अन्तकः (antakaḥ) - the personification of Death (the Ender, Death, Yama)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (interrogative pronoun) (who, what)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (now, indeed, surely, then)

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - a foolish man (foolish, deluded, stupid, a fool)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• युध्येत (yudhyeta) - would not fight (rhetorical question) (would fight, should fight)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, human being (man, person, human being, spirit (puruṣa))

• क्षत्रियब्रुवः (kṣatriyabruvaḥ) - a man who merely claims to be a Kṣatriya without acting like one (one who calls himself a Kṣatriya, a so-called Kṣatriya)

Words meanings and morphology

शृणुध्वम् (śṛṇudhvam) - listen (to my words) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

Root 'śru', 5th class, Ātmanepada, 2nd plural imperative.

Root: śru (class 5)

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - O warriors! (vocative plural) (warrior, member of the Kṣatriya caste)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a warrior, a member of the ruling/military caste

सर्वे (sarve) - all of you (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with kṣatriyāḥ.

यावन्तः (yāvantaḥ) - all those who are present in such numbers (as many as, as much as)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yāvat

yāvat - as much as, as many as, as long as

Note: Agrees with kṣatriyāḥ.

स्थ (stha) - as many as you are (assembled) (you are)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

Root 'as', 2nd person plural, active voice, present tense.

Root: as (class 2)

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - those who have gathered here (assembled, gathered, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, gathered, arrived, met

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kṣatriyāḥ.

यदा (yadā) - since, because (introducing a reason) (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

शूरम् (śūram) - a brave person (brave, hero)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic, a hero

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

भीरुम् (bhīrum) - a timid person, a coward (timid, fearful, a coward)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīru

bhīru - fearful, timid, a coward

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

मारयति (mārayati) - Death kills (causes to die, kills)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of mṛ

Causative Present Tense

Causative form of root 'mṛ', 3rd person singular, active voice, present tense.

Root: mṛ (class 1)

अन्तकः (antakaḥ) - the personification of Death (the Ender, Death, Yama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - making an end, ending, the Ender, Death, Yama

From 'anta' (end) + 'ka' (agent suffix).

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who (interrogative pronoun) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (now, indeed, surely, then)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing inquiry or emphasis.

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - a foolish man (foolish, deluded, stupid, a fool)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, bewildered, deluded, a fool

Past Passive Participle

From root 'muh'.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with puruṣaḥ.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

युध्येत (yudhyeta) - would not fight (rhetorical question) (would fight, should fight)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of yudh

Optative (Potential Mood)

Root 'yudh', 4th class, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, optative mood.

Root: yudh (class 4)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, human being (man, person, human being, spirit (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, male, the conscious principle (puruṣa)

Note: Refers to any male individual.

क्षत्रियब्रुवः (kṣatriyabruvaḥ) - a man who merely claims to be a Kṣatriya without acting like one (one who calls himself a Kṣatriya, a so-called Kṣatriya)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriyabruva

kṣatriyabruva - one who calls himself a Kṣatriya, a pseudo-Kṣatriya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+bruva)

• kṣatriya – warrior, member of the Kṣatriya caste
  noun (masculine)
• bruva – speaking, declaring, one who speaks/calls oneself
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'brū' (to speak).
  Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with puruṣaḥ.