महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-17

अद्यप्रभृति पार्थांश्च प्रेष्यभूत उपाचरन् ।
विजानातु नृपो दुःखं यत्प्राप्तं पाण्डुनन्दनैः ॥१७॥

17. adyaprabhṛti pārthāṁśca preṣyabhūta upācaran ,
vijānātu nṛpo duḥkhaṁ yatprāptaṁ pāṇḍunandanaiḥ.

17. adyaprabhṛti pārthān ca preṣyabhūtaḥ upācaran
vijānātu nṛpaḥ duḥkham yat prāptam pāṇḍunandanaiḥ

17. adyaprabhṛti ca nṛpaḥ preṣyabhūtaḥ pārthān upācaran
yat pāṇḍunandanaiḥ prāptam duḥkham vijānātu

17. From today onwards, let the king, having become a servant and attending to the sons of Pṛthā (Pārthas), truly comprehend the suffering that was experienced by the sons of Pāṇḍu.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्यप्रभृति (adyaprabhṛti) - from today onwards, henceforth

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - The Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima))

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रेष्यभूतः (preṣyabhūtaḥ) - having become a servant, in the state of a servant

• उपाचरन् (upācaran) - serving, attending, approaching

• विजानातु (vijānātu) - let him know, may he understand, he should discern

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Duryodhana (king, ruler)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, experienced

• पाण्डुनन्दनैः (pāṇḍunandanaiḥ) - by the sons of Pandu, by the Pandavas

Words meanings and morphology

अद्यप्रभृति (adyaprabhṛti) - from today onwards, henceforth

(indeclinable)

Compound: adya (today) + prabhṛti (from, beginning with).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adya+prabhṛti)

• adya – today, now
  indeclinable
• prabhṛti – from, beginning with, since
  indeclinable (feminine)
  From pra-bhṛ (to bear forth, carry).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - The Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima

Patronymic from Pṛthā (another name for Kunti) by vṛddhi and aṇ suffix.

Note: Object of upācaran.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रेष्यभूतः (preṣyabhūtaḥ) - having become a servant, in the state of a servant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preṣyabhūta

preṣyabhūta - having become a servant, made into a servant

Compound: preṣya (servant) + bhūta (become, being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (preṣya+bhūta)

• preṣya – servant, messenger, to be sent
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From pra-iṣ (to send forth) with ya suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• bhūta – become, been, past, being, creature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become) with kta suffix.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

उपाचरन् (upācaran) - serving, attending, approaching

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upācarat

upācarat - serving, attending, approaching, performing

Present Active Participle

From upa-ā-car (to approach, serve). Root car (to move, wander).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

विजानातु (vijānātu) - let him know, may he understand, he should discern

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vijñā

Imperative

3rd person singular, active voice. From vi (apart, ascertain) + root jñā (to know).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Duryodhana (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men, ruler

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  ṛ stem.
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of vijānātu.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + kha (hole, space, happiness - here implies 'bad space' or 'unhappiness').

Compound type : avyayībhāva (duḥ+kha)

• duḥ – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• kha – space, ether, heaven, zero (often associated with happiness/ease in compounds like sukha)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of vijānātu.

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun, neuter singular.

Note: Refers to duḥkham.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, experienced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained, experienced, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From pra-āp (to obtain, reach). Root āp (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with duḥkham.

पाण्डुनन्दनैः (pāṇḍunandanaiḥ) - by the sons of Pandu, by the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pandu, delight of Pandu, the Pandavas

Compound: Pāṇḍu (Pandu) + nandana (son, rejoicer).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (name of a king), pale, yellowish-white
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, gladdening, rejoicing
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Agent of prāptam in passive construction.