महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-66, verse-7

तमब्रवीन्मद्रराजो महात्मा वैकर्तनं प्रेक्ष्य हि संहितेषुम् ।
न कर्ण ग्रीवामिषुरेष प्राप्स्यते संलक्ष्य संधत्स्व शरं शिरोघ्नम् ॥७॥

7. tamabravīnmadrarājo mahātmā; vaikartanaṁ prekṣya hi saṁhiteṣum ,
na karṇa grīvāmiṣureṣa prāpsyate; saṁlakṣya saṁdhatsva śaraṁ śiroghnam.

7. tam abravīt madrarājaḥ mahātmā
vaikartanam prekṣya hi saṃhiteṣum na
karṇa grīvām iṣuḥ eṣaḥ prāpsyate
saṃlakṣya saṃdhatsva śaram śiroghnam

7. hi mahātmā madrarājaḥ vaikartanam
saṃhiteṣum prekṣya tam abravīt karṇa
eṣaḥ iṣuḥ grīvām na prāpsyate
saṃlakṣya śiroghnam śaram saṃdhatsva

7. Then the great-souled king of Madra, Shalya, having seen Karna (Vaikartana) with his arrow fixed on the bow, spoke to him: "O Karna, this arrow will surely not strike the neck. Aim carefully and fix the arrow meant to sever the head!"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to Karna (him, to him)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Shalya, the king of Madra (the king of Madra)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble

• वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna (son of Sūrya) (Vaikartana)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, observing

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• संहितेषुम् (saṁhiteṣum) - with the arrow fixed (on the bow)

• न (na) - not

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna

• ग्रीवाम् (grīvām) - neck

• इषुः (iṣuḥ) - arrow

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (arrow)

• प्राप्स्यते (prāpsyate) - will reach, will attain

• संलक्ष्य (saṁlakṣya) - having carefully aimed, having ascertained

• संधत्स्व (saṁdhatsva) - fix, place (imperative)

• शरम् (śaram) - arrow

• शिरोघ्नम् (śiroghnam) - head-slaying, meant for the head

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to Karna (him, to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karna.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brav

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

from root brū (to speak), irregular aorist/imperfect form

Root: brū (class 2)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Shalya, the king of Madra (the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – name of a country/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Shalya.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnificent

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'madrarājaḥ'.

वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna (son of Sūrya) (Vaikartana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana (Sūrya), Karna

patronymic from Vikartana

Note: Object of 'prekṣya', refers to Karna.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

संहितेषुम् (saṁhiteṣum) - with the arrow fixed (on the bow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃhiteṣu

saṁhiteṣu - having an arrow fixed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃhita+iṣu)

• saṃhita – fixed, joined, placed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhā (to place) with upasarga sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vaikartanam'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name)

ग्रीवाम् (grīvām) - neck

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of grīvā

grīvā - neck

इषुः (iṣuḥ) - arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (arrow)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees with 'iṣuḥ'.

प्राप्स्यते (prāpsyate) - will reach, will attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of pra-āp

Future, 3rd person singular, middle voice

from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

संलक्ष्य (saṁlakṣya) - having carefully aimed, having ascertained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root lakṣ (to mark, perceive) with upasarga sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

संधत्स्व (saṁdhatsva) - fix, place (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of sam-dhā

Imperative, 2nd person singular, middle voice

from root dhā (to place) with upasarga sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

शरम् (śaram) - arrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Object of 'saṃdhatsva'.

शिरोघ्नम् (śiroghnam) - head-slaying, meant for the head

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiroghna

śiroghna - head-slaying, striking the head

Compound type : tatpurusha (śiras+ghna)

• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• ghna – killing, destroying, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -a
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'śaram'.