महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-66, verse-18

मही वियद्द्यौः सलिलानि वायुना यथा विभिन्नानि विभान्ति भारत ।
तथैव शब्दो भुवनेष्वभूत्तदा जना व्यवस्यन्व्यथिताश्च चस्खलुः ॥१८॥

18. mahī viyaddyauḥ salilāni vāyunā; yathā vibhinnāni vibhānti bhārata ,
tathaiva śabdo bhuvaneṣvabhūttadā; janā vyavasyanvyathitāśca caskhaluḥ.

18. mahī viyat dyauḥ salilāni vāyunā
yathā vibhinnāni vibhānti bhārata tathā
eva śabdaḥ bhuvaneṣu abhūt tadā
janāḥ vyavasyan vyathitāḥ ca caskhaluḥ

18. bhārata yathā mahī viyat dyauḥ salilāni
vāyunā vibhinnāni vibhānti tadā
tathā eva śabdaḥ bhuvaneṣu abhūt
ca janāḥ vyavasyan vyathitāḥ caskhaluḥ

18. O Bhārata, just as the earth, sky, heaven, and waters appear distinct through the medium of air, so too did a loud sound arise throughout the worlds then, and people, though attempting to maintain composure, became agitated and stumbled.

Words meanings summery:

• मही (mahī) - the earth (earth, land)

• वियत् (viyat) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, ether)

• द्यौः (dyauḥ) - heaven (heaven, firmament, sky)

• सलिलानि (salilāni) - the waters (waters)

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by air (as an element/medium) (by the wind, by the air)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in the manner that)

• विभिन्नानि (vibhinnāni) - distinct, separated (separated, distinct, divided)

• विभान्ति (vibhānti) - appear, become manifest (appear, shine, become manifest)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing a kaurava/pāṇḍava, listener of the narration) (O descendant of Bharata (often referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in MBh))

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly (so, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the similarity (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - a loud sound/noise (sound, word, noise)

• भुवनेषु (bhuvaneṣu) - throughout the worlds (referring to the three worlds or regions) (in the worlds, in the regions)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - arose, happened (was, became, happened, arose)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, creatures)

• व्यवस्यन् (vyavasyan) - attempting (to maintain composure) (attempting, resolving, striving, undertaking)

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - agitated, distressed (agitated, distressed, troubled, bewildered)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चस्खलुः (caskhaluḥ) - stumbled, faltered (stumbled, tottered, faltered)

Words meanings and morphology

मही (mahī) - the earth (earth, land)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, land, soil

वियत् (viyat) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, ether)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viyat

viyat - sky, atmosphere, ether, air

द्यौः (dyauḥ) - heaven (heaven, firmament, sky)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dyu

dyu - heaven, sky, day

सलिलानि (salilāni) - the waters (waters)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of salila

salila - water

वायुना (vāyunā) - by air (as an element/medium) (by the wind, by the air)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, the god of wind

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

Note: introduces a simile

विभिन्नानि (vibhinnāni) - distinct, separated (separated, distinct, divided)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vibhinna

vibhinna - separated, distinct, divided, rent asunder

Past Passive Participle

vi- + √bhid (to break, divide)

Prefix: vi

Root: bhid (class 7)

विभान्ति (vibhānti) - appear, become manifest (appear, shine, become manifest)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √bhā

Present Active

from √bhā (2nd class, bhāti) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing a kaurava/pāṇḍava, listener of the narration) (O descendant of Bharata (often referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in MBh))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: correlates with yathā

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the similarity (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: often used to emphasize the preceding word or concept

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - a loud sound/noise (sound, word, noise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, language

Note: subject of the second clause

भुवनेषु (bhuvaneṣu) - throughout the worlds (referring to the three worlds or regions) (in the worlds, in the regions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhuvana

bhuvana - world, earth, being, existence

Note: denotes location

अभूत् (abhūt) - arose, happened (was, became, happened, arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of √bhū

Aorist Active

from √bhū (1st class, bhavati)

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Note: subject of the final verbs

व्यवस्यन् (vyavasyan) - attempting (to maintain composure) (attempting, resolving, striving, undertaking)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √sā/so

Imperfect Active

from root √sā/so (4th class, syati) with prefixes vi-ava-

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā/so (class 4)

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - agitated, distressed (agitated, distressed, troubled, bewildered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - agitated, distressed, troubled, pained

Past Passive Participle

from √vyath (to tremble, be agitated)

Root: vyath (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: conjoins the two verbs related to 'janāḥ'

चस्खलुः (caskhaluḥ) - stumbled, faltered (stumbled, tottered, faltered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √skhal

Perfect Active

from √skhal (1st class, skhalati)

Root: skhal (class 1)