महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-66, verse-51

तान्कर्णस्त्वग्रतोऽभ्यस्तान्मोघांश्चक्रे महारथः ।
ततोऽब्रवीद्वृष्णिवीरस्तस्मिन्नस्त्रे विनाशिते ॥५१॥

51. tānkarṇastvagrato'bhyastānmoghāṁścakre mahārathaḥ ,
tato'bravīdvṛṣṇivīrastasminnastre vināśite.

51. tān karṇaḥ tu agrataḥ abhyastān moghān cakre mahārathaḥ
tataḥ abravīt vṛṣṇivīraḥ tasmin astre vināśite

51. tu mahārathaḥ karṇaḥ agrataḥ abhyastān tān moghān
cakre tataḥ tasmin astre vināśite vṛṣṇivīraḥ abravīt

51. But Karna, the great warrior, made those arrows useless that were discharged directly at him. Then, with that weapon rendered ineffective, the hero of the Vṛṣṇis (Krishna) spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - referring to the arrows from the previous verse (them)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, facing

• अभ्यस्तान् (abhyastān) - hurled, discharged (at him)

• मोघान् (moghān) - useless, vain, fruitless

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - epithet for Karna (great warrior)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• वृष्णिवीरः (vṛṣṇivīraḥ) - the hero of the Vṛṣṇis (Krishna)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• अस्त्रे (astre) - in the weapon, missile

• विनाशिते (vināśite) - having been destroyed, rendered ineffective

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - referring to the arrows from the previous verse (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the arrows (bāṇān) from the previous verse.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a proper name)

Note: Subject of 'cakre'

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, facing

(indeclinable)

from agra with -tas suffix

अभ्यस्तान् (abhyastān) - hurled, discharged (at him)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhyasta

abhyasta - thrown, hurled, cast

Past Passive Participle

from root as- 'to throw' with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with tān (arrows)

मोघान् (moghān) - useless, vain, fruitless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mogha

mogha - vain, useless, fruitless, empty

Note: Agrees with tān (arrows) and is the complement of 'cakre'

चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

perfect past

3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - epithet for Karna (great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior (one who can fight 10,000 archers); a great car-warrior

Compound type : bahuvrihi or tatpurusha (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (chariot-fighter)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositional to Karṇaḥ

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect past

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

वृष्णिवीरः (vṛṣṇivīraḥ) - the hero of the Vṛṣṇis (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣṇivīra

vṛṣṇivīra - hero of the Vṛṣṇi clan; an epithet for Krishna

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛṣṇi+vīra)

• vṛṣṇi – name of a Yadu clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Qualifies astre

अस्त्रे (astre) - in the weapon, missile

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, magical weapon

Root: as (class 4)

विनाशिते (vināśite) - having been destroyed, rendered ineffective

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vināśita

vināśita - destroyed, ruined, rendered ineffective

Past Passive Participle

from causative of root naś- 'to perish' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with astre. Locative absolute construction.