महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-66, verse-57

ततः कृष्णोऽर्जुनं दृष्ट्वा कर्णास्त्रेणाभिपीडितम् ।
अभ्यस्येत्यब्रवीत्पार्थमातिष्ठास्त्रमनुत्तमम् ॥५७॥

57. tataḥ kṛṣṇo'rjunaṁ dṛṣṭvā karṇāstreṇābhipīḍitam ,
abhyasyetyabravītpārthamātiṣṭhāstramanuttamam.

57. tataḥ kṛṣṇaḥ arjunam dṛṣṭvā karṇāstreṇa abhipīḍitam |
abhyasya iti abravīt pārtham ātiṣṭha astram anuttamam

57. tataḥ kṛṣṇaḥ karṇāstreṇa abhipīḍitam arjunam dṛṣṭvā,
pārtham abravīt - "abhyasya,
anuttamam astram ātiṣṭha.
"

57. Then Krishna, seeing Arjuna distressed by Karna's weapon, said to Partha (Arjuna), 'Exert yourself! Wield the unsurpassed weapon!'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, afterwards

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कर्णास्त्रेण (karṇāstreṇa) - by Karna's weapon

• अभिपीडितम् (abhipīḍitam) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

• अभ्यस्य (abhyasya) - having applied oneself; apply (your skill/weapon)!; exert yourself!

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a quote or thought)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Partha (Arjuna)

• आतिष्ठ (ātiṣṭha) - take up, wield, stand firm

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, excellent, best

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, afterwards

(indeclinable)

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Krishna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna; dark, black

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna; white, clear

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कर्णास्त्रेण (karṇāstreṇa) - by Karna's weapon

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karṇāstra

karṇāstra - Karna's weapon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+astra)

• karṇa – Karna (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

अभिपीडितम् (abhipīḍitam) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhipīḍita

abhipīḍita - distressed, afflicted, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pīḍ (to oppress) with upasarga abhi- and suffix -ta

Prefix: abhi

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'arjunam'

अभ्यस्य (abhyasya) - having applied oneself; apply (your skill/weapon)!; exert yourself!

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root as (to practice, repeat) with upasarga abhi- and suffix -ya (l-yap).

Prefix: abhi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Idiomatic usage, functioning like an imperative instruction in this context.

इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a quote or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to mark the end of a direct quote.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect past tense, 3rd person singular active

augment a- + root brū + suffix -īt

Root: brū (class 2)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Partha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti), mother of Arjuna

Note: Object of 'said'

आतिष्ठ (ātiṣṭha) - take up, wield, stand firm

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

imperative, 2nd person singular active

upasarga ā- + root sthā, present stem tiṣṭha, imperative ending

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, projectile

Note: Object of 'ātiṣṭha'

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, highest, best

Negative prefix an- + uttama (supreme, highest)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• uttama – highest, best, supreme, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of ud (up)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with 'astram'