महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-66, verse-43

अमृष्यमाणो व्यसनानि तानि हस्तौ विधुन्वन्स विगर्हमाणः ।
धर्मप्रधानानभिपाति धर्म इत्यब्रुवन्धर्मविदः सदैव ।
ममापि निम्नोऽद्य न पाति भक्तान्मन्ये न नित्यं परिपाति धर्मः ॥४३॥

43. amṛṣyamāṇo vyasanāni tāni; hastau vidhunvansa vigarhamāṇaḥ ,
dharmapradhānānabhipāti dharma; ityabruvandharmavidaḥ sadaiva ,
mamāpi nimno'dya na pāti bhaktā;nmanye na nityaṁ paripāti dharmaḥ.

43. amṛṣyamāṇaḥ vyasanāni tāni hastau vidhunvan saḥ
vigarhamāṇaḥ dharmapradhānān abhipāti dharmaḥ iti
abruvan dharmavidaḥ sadaiva mama api nimnaḥ adya
na pāti bhaktān manye na nityam paripāti dharmaḥ

43. saḥ tāni vyasanāni amṛṣyamāṇaḥ hastau vidhunvan
vigarhamāṇaḥ dharmavidaḥ sadaiva dharmaḥ dharmapradhānān
abhipāti iti abruvan adya mama api nimnaḥ
bhaktān na pāti manye dharmaḥ na nityam paripāti dharmaḥ

43. Unable to bear those misfortunes, he shook his hands and lamented. Those who understood the natural law (dharma) always proclaimed, "The natural law (dharma) protects those who give it primary importance." (But Karna thought:) "Today, it does not even protect my devotees, who are in a low state. I believe the natural law (dharma) does not always provide complete protection."

Words meanings summery:

• अमृष्यमाणः (amṛṣyamāṇaḥ) - unable to endure, not tolerating

• व्यसनानि (vyasanāni) - misfortunes, calamities, adversities

• तानि (tāni) - those

• हस्तौ (hastau) - both hands

• विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking, waving

• सः (saḥ) - he (Karna) (he, that)

• विगर्हमाणः (vigarhamāṇaḥ) - lamenting, blaming, censuring

• धर्मप्रधानान् (dharmapradhānān) - those who prioritize natural law (dharma); the chief among righteous people

• अभिपाति (abhipāti) - protects, guards

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

• इति (iti) - thus, so (marks direct speech or thought)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of natural law (dharma)

• सदैव (sadaiva) - always, ever

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• निम्नः (nimnaḥ) - in a low state (referring to his devotees or his own plight) (low, deep, depressed, fallen)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• न (na) - not

• पाति (pāti) - protects, guards

• भक्तान् (bhaktān) - devotees, loyal followers

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

• न (na) - not

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually, constantly

• परिपाति (paripāti) - protects fully, preserves completely

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

Words meanings and morphology

अमृष्यमाणः (amṛṣyamāṇaḥ) - unable to endure, not tolerating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amṛṣyamāṇa

amṛṣyamāṇa - unable to endure, not tolerating

Present Passive Participle (negative)

Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, endure) with prefix a- (negative)

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

व्यसनानि (vyasanāni) - misfortunes, calamities, adversities

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, addiction

तानि (tāni) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हस्तौ (hastau) - both hands

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of hasta

hasta - hand

विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking, waving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvat

vidhunvat - shaking, waving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhū (to shake) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - he (Karna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विगर्हमाणः (vigarhamāṇaḥ) - lamenting, blaming, censuring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigarhamāṇa

vigarhamāṇa - lamenting, blaming, censuring

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root garh (to blame, censure) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

धर्मप्रधानान् (dharmapradhānān) - those who prioritize natural law (dharma); the chief among righteous people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharmapradhāna

dharmapradhāna - chief in (regard to) natural law (dharma), one who prioritizes natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+pradhāna)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• pradhāna – chief, principal, main
  adjective (neuter)

अभिपाति (abhipāti) - protects, guards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pā

Present

3rd person singular, present indicative

Prefix: abhi

Root: pā (class 2)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution

इति (iti) - thus, so (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

3rd person plural, augment 'a' prefix, past tense

Root: brū (class 2)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - one who knows natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, one who knows
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

सदैव (sadaiva) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Sandhi of sadā + eva

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

निम्नः (nimnaḥ) - in a low state (referring to his devotees or his own plight) (low, deep, depressed, fallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimna

nimna - low, deep, sunken, depressed

Note: Could imply 'even my low state (of affairs)' or 'even me, being in a low state', or refer to bhaktān implicitly being in a low state.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पाति (pāti) - protects, guards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pā

Present

3rd person singular, present indicative

Root: pā (class 2)

भक्तान् (bhaktān) - devotees, loyal followers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhakta

bhakta - devoted, loyal; a devotee, follower

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhaj (to worship, adore)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe, I consider

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of man

Present Middle

1st person singular, present indicative, middle voice

Root: man (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

परिपाति (paripāti) - protects fully, preserves completely

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of paripā

Present

3rd person singular, present indicative

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution