महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-22, verse-20

श्वेतास्तु प्रतिविन्ध्यं तं कृष्णग्रीवा मनोजवाः ।
यन्तुः प्रेष्यकरा राजन्राजपुत्रमुदावहन् ॥२०॥

20. śvetāstu prativindhyaṁ taṁ kṛṣṇagrīvā manojavāḥ ,
yantuḥ preṣyakarā rājanrājaputramudāvahan.

20. śvetāḥ tu praticvindhyam tam kṛṣṇagrīvāḥ manojavāḥ
yantuḥ preṣyakārāḥ rājan rājaputram udāvahan

20. rājan tu śvetāḥ kṛṣṇagrīvāḥ manojavāḥ yantuḥ
preṣyakārāḥ tam praticvindhyam rājaputram udāvahan

20. O King, indeed, the white horses, black-necked and swift as thought, obedient to the charioteer, carried that prince Prativindhya forth.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - white (horses) (white)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing) (but, indeed, yet, however)

• प्रतिच्विन्ध्यम् (praticvindhyam) - the prince Prativindhya (Prativindhya (proper noun))

• तम् (tam) - that (Prativindhya) (him, that)

• कृष्णग्रीवाः (kṛṣṇagrīvāḥ) - black-necked (horses) (black-necked, having black necks)

• मनोजवाः (manojavāḥ) - swift as thought (swift as thought, quick as mind)

• यन्तुः (yantuḥ) - of the charioteer (of the charioteer, of the controller)

• प्रेष्यकाराः (preṣyakārāḥ) - obedient (to the charioteer) (obedient, serving, performing errands)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King! (vocative address) (O King!)

• राजपुत्रम् (rājaputram) - the prince (prince, son of a king)

• उदावहन् (udāvahan) - they carried forth (they carried forth, they bore away)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - white (horses) (white)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śveta

śveta - white, bright, clean

Note: Modifies implied 'horses'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing) (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिच्विन्ध्यम् (praticvindhyam) - the prince Prativindhya (Prativindhya (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praticvindhya

praticvindhya - Prativindhya (name of a prince, son of Yudhiṣṭhira)

Note: Object of 'udāvahan'.

तम् (tam) - that (Prativindhya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, refers to 'praticvindhyam'.

कृष्णग्रीवाः (kṛṣṇagrīvāḥ) - black-necked (horses) (black-necked, having black necks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛṣṇagrīva

kṛṣṇagrīva - black-necked

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛṣṇa+grīvā)

• kṛṣṇa – black, dark
  adjective (masculine)
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies implied 'horses'.

मनोजवाः (manojavāḥ) - swift as thought (swift as thought, quick as mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manojavā

manojavā - swift as thought, quick as mind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (manas+java)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• java – swiftness, speed
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jū' (to be swift)
  Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Modifies implied 'horses'.

यन्तुः (yantuḥ) - of the charioteer (of the charioteer, of the controller)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, driver, controller

Agent Noun

From root 'yam' (to control) with agent suffix 'tṛ'

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Relates to 'preṣyakārāḥ'.

प्रेष्यकाराः (preṣyakārāḥ) - obedient (to the charioteer) (obedient, serving, performing errands)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of preṣyakāra

preṣyakāra - obedient, doing service, a servant

Compound type : tatpurusha (preṣya+kāra)

• preṣya – to be sent, to be ordered, a servant
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root 'iṣ' (to send) with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: iṣ (class 4)
• kāra – doer, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies implied 'horses'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King! (vocative address) (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Masculine noun ending in -an

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

राजपुत्रम् (rājaputram) - the prince (prince, son of a king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - king's son, prince

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'udāvahan'.

उदावहन् (udāvahan) - they carried forth (they carried forth, they bore away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vah

imperfect active

Root 'vah' (1st class) with prefixes 'ud' and 'ā'

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Verb for the implied horses.