महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-22, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
सर्वेषामेव मे ब्रूहि रथचिह्नानि संजय ।
ये द्रोणमभ्यवर्तन्त क्रुद्धा भीमपुरोगमाः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
sarveṣāmeva me brūhi rathacihnāni saṁjaya ,
ye droṇamabhyavartanta kruddhā bhīmapurogamāḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca | sarveṣām eva me brūhi rathacihnāni
saṃjaya | ye droṇam abhyavartanta kruddhāḥ bhīmapurogamāḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya,
ye kruddhāḥ bhīmapurogamāḥ droṇam abhyavartanta,
teṣām sarveṣām eva rathacihnāni me brūhi

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Saṃjaya, tell me the distinguishing marks on the chariots of all those who, enraged and led by Bhīma, advanced against Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• मे (me) - to me, my

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• रथचिह्नानि (rathacihnāni) - chariot-marks, ensigns on chariots

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - advanced, moved against

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

• भीमपुरोगमाः (bhīmapurogamāḥ) - having Bhīma at the front, led by Bhīma

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, borne
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Refers to the warriors mentioned subsequently.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of asmad.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Irregular imperative form.

रथचिह्नानि (rathacihnāni) - chariot-marks, ensigns on chariots

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rathacihna

rathacihna - chariot-mark, ensign on a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+cihna)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• cihna – mark, sign, ensign, emblem
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of brūhi.

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the warriors.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor and warrior)

Note: Object of abhyavartanta.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - advanced, moved against

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavṛt

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Verb for ye.

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

from root krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying ye.

भीमपुरोगमाः (bhīmapurogamāḥ) - having Bhīma at the front, led by Bhīma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmapurogama

bhīmapurogama - having Bhīma as leader, led by Bhīma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+puras+gama)

• bhīma – Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/derivative
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying ye.