महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-133, verse-40

चन्द्रोदयः कामरथो विराटभ्रातरः शुभाः ।
यमौ च द्रौपदेयाश्च राक्षसश्च घटोत्कचः ।
येषामर्थाय युध्यन्ते न तेषां विद्यते क्षयः ॥४०॥

40. candrodayaḥ kāmaratho virāṭabhrātaraḥ śubhāḥ ,
yamau ca draupadeyāśca rākṣasaśca ghaṭotkacaḥ ,
yeṣāmarthāya yudhyante na teṣāṁ vidyate kṣayaḥ.

40. candrodayaḥ kāmarathaḥ virāṭabhrātaraḥ
śubhāḥ yamau ca draupadeyāḥ ca
rākṣasaḥ ca ghaṭotkacaḥ yeṣām arthāya
yudhyante na teṣām vidyate kṣayaḥ

40. candrodayaḥ kāmarathaḥ śubhāḥ
virāṭabhrātaraḥ ca yamau ca draupadeyāḥ
ca rākṣasaḥ ghaṭotkacaḥ yeṣām arthāya
yudhyante teṣām kṣayaḥ na vidyate

40. Candrodaya, Kāmaratha, and the virtuous brothers of Virāṭa; also the twins (sons of Nakula and Sahadeva), the sons of Draupadī, and the rākṣasa Ghaṭotkaca. For the sake of those for whom they fight, there is no destruction for them.

Words meanings summery:

• चन्द्रोदयः (candrodayaḥ) - Candrodaya

• कामरथः (kāmarathaḥ) - Kāmaratha

• विराटभ्रातरः (virāṭabhrātaraḥ) - brothers of Virāṭa

• शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - virtuous / noble (qualifying the brothers of Virāṭa) (auspicious, virtuous, beautiful)

• यमौ (yamau) - Refers to the sons of Nakula and Sahadeva, or Nakula and Sahadeva themselves. Given the context of a list of warriors, it more likely refers to the twin sons. (the two twins)

• च (ca) - and

• द्रौपदेयाः (draupadeyāḥ) - Refers to the Upapāṇḍavas (Prativindhya, Sutasoma, Śrutakīrti, Śatānīka, Śrutasena). (sons of Draupadī)

• च (ca) - and

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a rākṣasa (demon)

• च (ca) - and

• घटोत्कचः (ghaṭotkacaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas, for whose cause the listed warriors are fighting. (of whom, for whom)

• अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight

• न (na) - not, no

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas (or the side they represent), for whom the fight leads to no destruction. (of them, for them)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, decay, loss

Words meanings and morphology

चन्द्रोदयः (candrodayaḥ) - Candrodaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candrodaya

candrodaya - moonrise; name of a warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+udaya)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rise, ascent, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'iñ' (to go) with prefix 'ud-' and suffix '-a'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: iñ (class 2)

कामरथः (kāmarathaḥ) - Kāmaratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmaratha

kāmaratha - chariot of desire; name of a warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+ratha)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

विराटभ्रातरः (virāṭabhrātaraḥ) - brothers of Virāṭa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of virāṭabhrātṛ

virāṭabhrātṛ - brother of Virāṭa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (virāṭa+bhrātṛ)

• virāṭa – name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Śaṅkha, Uttara, and other brothers of King Virāṭa.

शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - virtuous / noble (qualifying the brothers of Virāṭa) (auspicious, virtuous, beautiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, propitious, virtuous, beautiful, splendid

Note: Qualifies 'virāṭabhrātaraḥ'.

यमौ (yamau) - Refers to the sons of Nakula and Sahadeva, or Nakula and Sahadeva themselves. Given the context of a list of warriors, it more likely refers to the twin sons. (the two twins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yama

yama - twin, restraint; name of the god of death

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Usually refers to Nakula and Sahadeva. In a list of warriors who are fighting for the Pāṇḍavas, it can refer to their sons.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्रौपदेयाः (draupadeyāḥ) - Refers to the Upapāṇḍavas (Prativindhya, Sutasoma, Śrutakīrti, Śatānīka, Śrutasena). (sons of Draupadī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of draupādeya

draupādeya - son of Draupadī

Derived from 'Draupadī' with patronymic suffix

Note: The five sons of Draupadī, one from each Pāṇḍava.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a rākṣasa (demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, monster

Note: Refers to Ghaṭotkaca.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

घटोत्कचः (ghaṭotkacaḥ) - Ghaṭotkaca

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkaca

ghaṭotkaca - name of a rākṣasa, son of Bhīma, lit. 'pot-head'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghaṭa+utkaca)

• ghaṭa – pot, jar
  noun (masculine)
• utkaca – hairless, bald
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ud

येषाम् (yeṣām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas, for whose cause the listed warriors are fighting. (of whom, for whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, meaning, wealth

Note: Used with genitive 'yeṣām' (for their sake)

युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

Present Indicative

Root 'yudh' in 4th class, Ātmanepada, 3rd person plural

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the collective warriors listed previously.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas (or the side they represent), for whom the fight leads to no destruction. (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to those 'for whom' the warriors fight, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

Root 'vid' (secondary conjugation as 'to be'), Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root: vid (class 4)

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, decay, loss

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, loss, decay, end

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vidyate'.