महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-133, verse-19

अब्रुवन्कर्ण युध्यस्व बहु कत्थसि सूतज ।
अनुक्त्वा विक्रमेद्यस्तु तद्वै सत्पुरुषव्रतम् ॥१९॥

19. abruvankarṇa yudhyasva bahu katthasi sūtaja ,
anuktvā vikramedyastu tadvai satpuruṣavratam.

19. abruvan karṇa yudhyasva bahu katthasi sūataja
anuktvā vikramet yaḥ tu tat vai satpuruṣavratam

19. karṇa sūataja,
abruvan,
"bahu katthasi,
yudhyasva! yaḥ tu anuktvā vikramet,
tat vai satpuruṣavratam.
"

19. They said, "O Karna, fight! You boast too much, O son of a charioteer. Indeed, the vow (vrata) of a good person is to display valor without proclaiming it first."

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna

• युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight!

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, greatly

• कत्थसि (katthasi) - you boast, you praise yourself

• सूअतज (sūataja) - O son of a charioteer

• अनुक्त्वा (anuktvā) - without having spoken, without proclaiming

• विक्रमेत् (vikramet) - one should show valor, one should act valiantly

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तत् (tat) - that

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• सत्पुरुषव्रतम् (satpuruṣavratam) - the vow/practice of good men

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Root 'brū'

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: From root 'brū' (to speak)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior), ear

युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Root 'yudh'

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Imperative, 2nd person singular, middle voice

बहु (bahu) - much, many, greatly

(adjective)

of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Used as an adverb here, modifying 'katthasi'

कत्थसि (katthasi) - you boast, you praise yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of katth

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Present indicative, 2nd person singular, active voice

सूअतज (sūataja) - O son of a charioteer

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūataja

sūataja - son of a charioteer (Karna)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūata+ja)

• sūata – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born from, son of
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Karna

अनुक्त्वा (anuktvā) - without having spoken, without proclaiming

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Negative particle 'an' + root 'vac' (to speak) + suffix '-tvā'

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+uktvā)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• uktvā – having spoken
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  Root 'vac' (to speak) + suffix '-tvā'
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes preceding action, 'having not spoken'

विक्रमेत् (vikramet) - one should show valor, one should act valiantly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vikram

Root 'kram' (to step) with upasarga 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the principle/vow

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

सत्पुरुषव्रतम् (satpuruṣavratam) - the vow/practice of good men

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satpuruṣavrata

satpuruṣavrata - vow/practice of good men

Compound type : tatpurusha (satpuruṣa+vrata)

• satpuruṣa – good man, virtuous person
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tat'