महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-133, verse-29

वृथा शूरा न गर्जन्ति सजला इव तोयदाः ।
सामर्थ्यमात्मनो ज्ञात्वा ततो गर्जन्ति पण्डिताः ॥२९॥

29. vṛthā śūrā na garjanti sajalā iva toyadāḥ ,
sāmarthyamātmano jñātvā tato garjanti paṇḍitāḥ.

29. vṛthā śūrāḥ na garjanti sajalāḥ iva toyadāḥ
sāmarthyam ātmanaḥ jñātvā tataḥ garjanti paṇḍitāḥ

29. sajalāḥ toyadāḥ iva vṛthā na garjanti śūrāḥ vṛthā na
garjanti ātmanaḥ sāmarthyam jñātvā tataḥ paṇḍitāḥ garjanti

29. True heroes do not boast uselessly, just as clouds full of water do not roar without bringing rain. Only after understanding their own capacity (ātman), do the wise make pronouncements.

Words meanings summery:

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, without purpose

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones, warriors

• न (na) - not, no

• गर्जन्ति (garjanti) - they roar, they thunder, they boast

• सजलाः (sajalāḥ) - full of water, watery

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• तोयदाः (toyadāḥ) - clouds (lit. water-givers)

• सामर्थ्यम् (sāmarthyam) - ability, capacity, power, strength

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood, knowing

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence, therefore

• गर्जन्ति (garjanti) - they roar, they thunder, they boast

• पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - wise ones, learned ones, scholars

Words meanings and morphology

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, without purpose

(indeclinable)

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful, strong

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गर्जन्ति (garjanti) - they roar, they thunder, they boast

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of garj

present active third plural

From root √garj (class 1, parasmāipada)

Root: garj (class 1)

सजलाः (sajalāḥ) - full of water, watery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sajala

sajala - having water, full of water, watery

Formed with prefix sa- (with) and jala (water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+jala)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

तोयदाः (toyadāḥ) - clouds (lit. water-givers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of toyada

toyada - cloud (giver of water)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (toya+da)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  From root √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

सामर्थ्यम् (sāmarthyam) - ability, capacity, power, strength

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāmarthya

sāmarthya - ability, capacity, power, strength, efficiency

Derived from samartha (capable) with suffix -ya

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, breath

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood, knowing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from root √jñā with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence, therefore

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad (that) with suffix -tas

गर्जन्ति (garjanti) - they roar, they thunder, they boast

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of garj

present active third plural

From root √garj (class 1, parasmāipada)

Root: garj (class 1)

पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - wise ones, learned ones, scholars

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise, scholar, pundit