महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-133, verse-20

गर्जित्वा सूतपुत्र त्वं शारदाभ्रमिवाजलम् ।
निष्फलो दृश्यसे कर्ण तच्च राजा न बुध्यते ॥२०॥

20. garjitvā sūtaputra tvaṁ śāradābhramivājalam ,
niṣphalo dṛśyase karṇa tacca rājā na budhyate.

20. garjitvā sūtaputra tvaṃ śāradābhram iva ajalam
niṣphalaḥ dṛśyase karṇa tat ca rājā na budhyate

20. sūtaputra karṇa,
tvaṃ ajalam śāradābhram iva garjitvā niṣphalaḥ dṛśyase.
ca rājā tat na budhyate.

20. O son of a charioteer, Karna, you are seen as fruitless, like a waterless autumn cloud that has only thundered. And the king does not realize this.

Words meanings summery:

• गर्जित्वा (garjitvā) - having thundered, having roared

• सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - O son of a charioteer

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you

• शारदाभ्रम् (śāradābhram) - autumn cloud

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• अजलम् (ajalam) - without water, waterless

• निष्फलः (niṣphalaḥ) - fruitless, useless, unproductive

• दृश्यसे (dṛśyase) - you are seen, you appear

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna

• तत् (tat) - that

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana (the king)

• न (na) - not, no

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands, he knows, he perceives

Words meanings and morphology

गर्जित्वा (garjitvā) - having thundered, having roared

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'garj' + suffix '-tvā'

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Denotes preceding action, 'having thundered'

सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - O son of a charioteer

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (Karna)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Karna

शारदाभ्रम् (śāradābhram) - autumn cloud

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāradābhra

śāradābhra - autumn cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (śārada+abhra)

• śārada – autumnal, relating to autumn
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from śarad (autumn)
• abhra – cloud
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of comparison. The case matches the implied object of comparison for 'tvaṃ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison

अजलम् (ajalam) - without water, waterless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajala

ajala - waterless, without water

Negative compound of 'jala'

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śāradābhram'.

निष्फलः (niṣphalaḥ) - fruitless, useless, unproductive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣphala

niṣphala - fruitless, useless, without result

Compound 'nis' + 'phala'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+phala)

• nis – without, out, off
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, effect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvaṃ'

दृश्यसे (dṛśyase) - you are seen, you appear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Present indicative, 2nd person singular, passive voice

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior), ear

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Subject of 'budhyate'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle

बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands, he knows, he perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Root 'budh'

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice