महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-93, verse-50

ये धर्ममनुपश्यन्तस्तूष्णीं ध्यायन्त आसते ।
ते सत्यमाहुर्धर्मं च न्याय्यं च भरतर्षभ ॥५०॥

50. ye dharmamanupaśyantastūṣṇīṁ dhyāyanta āsate ,
te satyamāhurdharmaṁ ca nyāyyaṁ ca bharatarṣabha.

50. ye dharmam anupaśyantaḥ tūṣṇīm dhyāyantaḥ āsate |
te satyam āhuḥ dharmam ca nyāyyam ca bharatarṣabha

50. O best among the Bhāratas, those who remain silent, observing and contemplating (dhyāna) the natural law (dharma), they truly declare what is rightful and just (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law, righteousness, duty

• अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - observing, contemplating, seeing

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly, in silence

• ध्यायन्तः (dhyāyantaḥ) - meditating, contemplating

• आसते (āsate) - they sit, they remain, they exist

• ते (te) - they

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, true

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law, righteousness, duty

• च (ca) - and

• न्याय्यम् (nyāyyam) - just, right, proper, lawful

• च (ca) - and

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bhāratas, O bull among Bhāratas

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yat

yat - which, what, who

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - observing, contemplating, seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anupaśyat

anupaśyat - observing, contemplating, seeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √paś (to see) with prefix anu- (after, along, near)

Prefix: anu

Root: paś (class 4)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly, in silence

(indeclinable)

ध्यायन्तः (dhyāyantaḥ) - meditating, contemplating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, contemplating (dhyāna)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dhyai (to meditate)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

आसते (āsate) - they sit, they remain, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, true

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true, real, honest

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न्याय्यम् (nyāyyam) - just, right, proper, lawful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nyāyya

nyāyya - just, right, proper, lawful, suitable

Gerundive

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefix ni-ā- (down-towards), meaning 'to be arrived at' or 'to be investigated thoroughly', hence 'justifiable'

Prefixes: ni+ā

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bhāratas, O bull among Bhāratas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best among the Bhāratas, bull among Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)