महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-93, verse-48

यत्र धर्मो ह्यधर्मेण सत्यं यत्रानृतेन च ।
हन्यते प्रेक्षमाणानां हतास्तत्र सभासदः ॥४८॥

48. yatra dharmo hyadharmeṇa satyaṁ yatrānṛtena ca ,
hanyate prekṣamāṇānāṁ hatāstatra sabhāsadaḥ.

48. yatra dharmaḥ hi adharmeṇa satyam yatra anṛtena
ca hanyate prekṣamāṇānām hatāḥ tatra sabhāsadaḥ

48. Indeed, where natural law (dharma) is destroyed by unrighteousness, and truth by falsehood, those assembly members who merely watch are themselves destroyed.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), righteousness

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• अनृतेन (anṛtena) - by untruth, by falsehood

• च (ca) - and, also

• हन्यते (hanyate) - is slain, is destroyed

• प्रेक्षमाणानाम् (prekṣamāṇānām) - of those who are looking on, observing

• हताः (hatāḥ) - slain, destroyed

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, veracity, what is real

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

अनृतेन (anṛtena) - by untruth, by falsehood

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie, disorder

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+ṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right, proper
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हन्यते (hanyate) - is slain, is destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, Present (Laṭ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

प्रेक्षमाणानाम् (prekṣamāṇānām) - of those who are looking on, observing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - looking on, observing, seeing, spectator

Present Middle Participle

pra (prefix) + īkṣ (root) + śānac (suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

हताः (hatāḥ) - slain, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed, injured

Past Passive Participle

root han + kta (suffix)

Root: han (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sabhāsad

sabhāsad - member of an assembly, spectator

Compound type : tatpurusha (sabhā+sad)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• sad – sitting, residing, member (derived from root sad)
  adjective
  Root: sad (class 1)