महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-93, verse-39

भवतैव हि रक्ष्यास्ते व्यसनेषु विशेषतः ।
मा ते धर्मस्तथैवार्थो नश्येत भरतर्षभ ॥३९॥

39. bhavataiva hi rakṣyāste vyasaneṣu viśeṣataḥ ,
mā te dharmastathaivārtho naśyeta bharatarṣabha.

39. bhavatā eva hi rakṣyāḥ te vyasaneṣu viśeṣataḥ mā
te dharmaḥ tathā eva arthaḥ naśyet bharatarṣabha

39. Indeed, they must be protected by you, especially in times of distress. May your natural law (dharma) and material prosperity not be ruined, O best of Bharatas.

Words meanings summery:

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (by your honor, by you)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (alone, only, indeed, certainly)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - they must be protected (to be protected, worthy of protection)

• ते (te) - they (the Pandavas) (those (masculine plural nominative/accusative), to you (dative/genitive singular of 'tvam'))

• व्यसनेषु (vyasaneṣu) - in times of distress (in misfortunes, in distress, in difficulties)

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, distinctively)

• मा (mā) - do not (not, do not (prohibitive particle))

• ते (te) - your (to you, for you, your (genitive/dative singular of 'tvam'))

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - your natural law (dharma) (duty to protect kinsmen) (natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, and (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (alone, only, indeed, certainly)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - your material prosperity (or political well-being, interest) (aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, interest)

• नश्येत् (naśyet) - may be ruined, should perish (may perish, may be destroyed, should be ruined)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (by your honor, by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite), being

Present Active Participle

Present participle of `bhū` (to be, exist). Used here as a respectful second-person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful pronoun for 'you'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (alone, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - they must be protected (to be protected, worthy of protection)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣya

rakṣya - to be protected, protectable

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root `rakṣ` (to protect) with suffix `-ya`.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively here, implying obligation.

ते (te) - they (the Pandavas) (those (masculine plural nominative/accusative), to you (dative/genitive singular of 'tvam'))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Pandavas.

व्यसनेषु (vyasaneṣu) - in times of distress (in misfortunes, in distress, in difficulties)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, distress, calamity, addiction

From `vi` + `as` (to throw, cast) with suffix `ana`. Means a falling apart, downfall.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, distinctively)

(indeclinable)

Formed from `viśeṣa` (distinction, particularity) with the adverbial suffix `-tas`.

मा (mā) - do not (not, do not (prohibitive particle))

(indeclinable)

Prohibitive particle used with the aorist or imperfect to express prohibition. Here with optative for prohibition.

Note: Used with the optative `naśyet` to express a prohibition or a strong wish that something should not happen.

ते (te) - your (to you, for you, your (genitive/dative singular of 'tvam'))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - your natural law (dharma) (duty to protect kinsmen) (natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support). That which supports or upholds.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, and (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (alone, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to emphasize `arthaḥ` in addition to `dharmaḥ`.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - your material prosperity (or political well-being, interest) (aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, interest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity

From root `ṛ` (to go, move) with prefix `a`. That which is aimed at.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

नश्येत् (naśyet) - may be ruined, should perish (may perish, may be destroyed, should be ruined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of naś

Root verb of class 4 (śyan-conjugation). Here, 3rd person singular optative active.

Root: naś (class 4)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'bull (best) of Bharatas'. Often used as an epithet for kings of the Bhārata lineage.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)