महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-21, verse-6

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा तौ कथयित्वा तु बाष्पमुत्सृज्य दुःखितौ ।
रात्रिशेषं तदत्युग्रं धारयामासतुर्हृदा ॥६॥

6. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā tau kathayitvā tu bāṣpamutsṛjya duḥkhitau ,
rātriśeṣaṁ tadatyugraṁ dhārayāmāsaturhṛdā.

6. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tathā tau kathayitvā tu bāṣpam utsṛjya
duḥkhitau rātriśeṣam tat atyugram dhārayāmāsatuḥ hṛdā

6. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having spoken thus, and having shed tears, those two, in distress, endured the remainder of that exceedingly dreadful night within their hearts.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

• तौ (tau) - those two

• कथयित्वा (kathayitvā) - having spoken, having narrated

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tear, lamentation

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having shed, having released

• दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - those two distressed, grieved

• रात्रिशेषम् (rātriśeṣam) - the remainder of the night

• तत् (tat) - that

• अत्युग्रम् (atyugram) - extremely fierce, terrible, dreadful

• धारयामासतुः (dhārayāmāsatuḥ) - those two bore, held, endured

• हृदा (hṛdā) - by the heart, in the heart, with the heart

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

root vac, reduplicated, 3rd person singular ending

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथयित्वा (kathayitvā) - having spoken, having narrated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

causative stem 'kathay' from root 'kath', + tvā suffix

Root: kath (class 10)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tear, lamentation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāṣpa

bāṣpa - tear, steam, lamentation

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having shed, having released

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from ut + sṛj + lyp (ya)

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - those two distressed, grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

from duḥkha + ita

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

रात्रिशेषम् (rātriśeṣam) - the remainder of the night

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rātriśeṣa

rātriśeṣa - remainder of the night

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+śeṣa)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• śeṣa – remainder, rest
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can be neuter nominative/accusative. Here, accusative, object of 'dhārayāmāsatuḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'rātriśeṣam' and 'atyugram'.

अत्युग्रम् (atyugram) - extremely fierce, terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atyugra

atyugra - extremely fierce, terrible, dreadful

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+ugra)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, too much
  indeclinable
• ugra – fierce, terrible, violent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rātriśeṣam'.

धारयामासतुः (dhārayāmāsatuḥ) - those two bore, held, endured

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (lit) of dhā

Perfect Active Indicative

periphrastic perfect from root dhṛ (causative stem dhāraya) + ām + as (perfect) + 3rd person dual ending atuḥ

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

हृदा (hṛdā) - by the heart, in the heart, with the heart

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, soul