महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-21, verse-18

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तमर्थं प्रतिजल्पन्त्याः कृष्णायाः कीचकेन ह ।
दिवसार्धं समभवन्मासेनैव समं नृप ॥१८॥

18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tamarthaṁ pratijalpantyāḥ kṛṣṇāyāḥ kīcakena ha ,
divasārdhaṁ samabhavanmāsenaiva samaṁ nṛpa.

18. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tam artham pratijalpantyāḥ kṛṣṇāyāḥ
kīcakena ha divasārdham samabhavat māsena eva samam nṛpa

18. Vaiśampāyana said: "O King, while Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) was indeed replying to Kīcaka about that matter, half a day became equivalent to a whole month."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - that

• अर्थम् (artham) - matter, purpose, object

• प्रतिजल्पन्त्याः (pratijalpantyāḥ) - of Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) as she was replying (while she was replying, of her replying)

• कृष्णायाः (kṛṣṇāyāḥ) - of Kṛṣṇā, of Draupadi

• कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

• दिवसार्धम् (divasārdham) - half a day

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - became, occurred, came to be

• मासेन (māsena) - by a month, in a month

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• समम् (samam) - equal, similar to, with

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

Patronymic, descendant of Viśampāyana.

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the "matter" of Kīcaka's advances.

अर्थम् (artham) - matter, purpose, object

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth

Note: Refers to Kīcaka's proposition.

प्रतिजल्पन्त्याः (pratijalpantyāḥ) - of Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) as she was replying (while she was replying, of her replying)

(participle)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pratijalpat

pratijalpat - replying, speaking in return

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `jalp` with prefix `prati-`.

Prefix: prati

Root: jalp (class 1)

Note: Used in a genitive absolute construction.

कृष्णायाः (kṛṣṇāyāḥ) - of Kṛṣṇā, of Draupadi

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Kṛṣṇā (a name for Draupadi, meaning 'dark-complexioned')

Feminine form of `kṛṣṇa`.

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction.

कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kīcaka

kīcaka - Kīcaka (name of a general in the Matsya kingdom)

Note: Implied agent with `pratijalpantyāḥ` (replying to him) or indicating interaction 'with Kīcaka'.

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

दिवसार्धम् (divasārdham) - half a day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of divasārdha

divasārdha - half a day

Compound of `divasa` (day) and `ardha` (half).

Compound type : tatpurusha (divasa+ardha)

• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Subject of `samabhavat`.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - became, occurred, came to be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samabhū

Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular. Derived from `bhū` with prefix `sam-`.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: This verb form can mean 'became' or 'felt like' in context of time.

मासेन (māsena) - by a month, in a month

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Indicates the duration to which the half-day was compared.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphasizing particle.

समम् (samam) - equal, similar to, with

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage here.

Note: Adverbially modifies `samabhavat` in relation to `māsena`.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from root `pā`
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Janamejaya by Vaiśampāyana.