महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-21, verse-38

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
भीमोऽथ प्रथमं गत्वा रात्रौ छन्न उपाविशत् ।
मृगं हरिरिवादृश्यः प्रत्याकाङ्क्षत्स कीचकम् ॥३८॥

38. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
bhīmo'tha prathamaṁ gatvā rātrau channa upāviśat ,
mṛgaṁ haririvādṛśyaḥ pratyākāṅkṣatsa kīcakam.

38. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca bhīmaḥ atha
prathamam gatvā rātrau channaḥ
upāviśat mṛgam hariḥ iva
adṛśyaḥ pratyākāṅkṣat saḥ kīcakam

38. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "Bhīma then went first and sat down hidden in the night. Unseen, like a lion (hari) awaiting its prey (mṛga), he waited for Kīcaka."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, primarily, at first

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• छन्नः (channaḥ) - hidden, covered, concealed

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down, took a seat

• मृगम् (mṛgam) - prey, deer, wild animal

• हरिः (hariḥ) - lion (used as a simile for Bhīma) (lion, Indra, Viṣṇu)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - unseen, invisible

• प्रत्याकाङ्क्षत् (pratyākāṅkṣat) - he waited for, he expected, he desired

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Bhīma. (he)

• कीचकम् (kīcakam) - The antagonist Kīcaka. (Kīcaka)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name, a sage and narrator of Mahābhārata)

Derived from Viśaṃpāyana, a patronymic.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense form of root 'vac' (3rd person singular, parasmaipada). Irregular perfect stem 'uvāc-'.

Root: vac (class 2)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (proper name, one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a sequence of events.

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, primarily, at first

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, principal

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'first'.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) form of the root 'gam'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Precedes the action of sitting.

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Indicates time.

छन्नः (channaḥ) - hidden, covered, concealed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of channa

channa - hidden, concealed, covered

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'chad' (to cover, conceal).

Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīma.

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down, took a seat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upaviś

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of root 'viś' (to enter) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

मृगम् (mṛgam) - prey, deer, wild animal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, game, prey

Note: Object of 'awaiting'.

हरिः (hariḥ) - lion (used as a simile for Bhīma) (lion, Indra, Viṣṇu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hari

hari - lion, horse, sun, Indra, Viṣṇu, golden-colored

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - unseen, invisible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adṛśya

adṛśya - unseen, invisible, not perceptible

gerundive

From 'a' (not) + 'dṛśya' (to be seen), where 'dṛśya' is a gerundive of root 'dṛś'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dṛśya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dṛśya – to be seen, visible
  participle (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive of root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīma.

प्रत्याकाङ्क्षत् (pratyākāṅkṣat) - he waited for, he expected, he desired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyākāṅkṣ

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of root 'kāṅkṣ' (to desire, wish) with prefixes 'prati' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Bhīma. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Subject of 'pratyākāṅkṣat'.

कीचकम् (kīcakam) - The antagonist Kīcaka. (Kīcaka)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kīcaka

kīcaka - Kīcaka (proper name of a character in Mahābhārata)

Note: Object of 'pratyākāṅkṣat'.