महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-47, verse-45

विषये वर्तमानानां यं तं वैशेषिकैर्गुणैः ।
प्राहुर्विषयगोप्तारं तस्मै गोप्त्रात्मने नमः ॥४५॥

45. viṣaye vartamānānāṁ yaṁ taṁ vaiśeṣikairguṇaiḥ ,
prāhurviṣayagoptāraṁ tasmai goptrātmane namaḥ.

45. viṣaye vartamānānām yam tam vaiśeṣikaiḥ guṇaiḥ
prāhuḥ viṣayagoptāram tasmai goptrātmane namaḥ

45. yam tam viṣaye vartamānānām vaiśeṣikaiḥ guṇaiḥ
viṣayagoptāram prāhuḥ tasmai goptrātmane namaḥ

45. Salutations to that Self (ātman) who is the Protector (goptṛ) whom people describe as the guardian of the sense objects (viṣaya) for those involved in them, distinguishing Him through His unique qualities (guṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• विषये (viṣaye) - in sense objects (in an object, in a sphere, in a matter)

• वर्तमानानाम् (vartamānānām) - of those involved in sense objects (of those existing, of those being present, of those engaged)

• यम् (yam) - whom, which (accusative)

• तम् (tam) - him, that (accusative)

• वैशेषिकैः (vaiśeṣikaiḥ) - by specific, by peculiar, by distinguishing

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by attributes, by virtues

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they describe

• विषयगोप्तारम् (viṣayagoptāram) - the protector of objects, the guardian of sense objects

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, to that

• गोप्त्रात्मने (goptrātmane) - to the Self of the protector, to the soul that protects

• नमः (namaḥ) - salutation, obeisance, homage

Words meanings and morphology

विषये (viṣaye) - in sense objects (in an object, in a sphere, in a matter)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, subject matter, range

Root: ṣī (class 1)

वर्तमानानाम् (vartamānānām) - of those involved in sense objects (of those existing, of those being present, of those engaged)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being present, current, engaged in

Present Participle Middle

From root vṛt (to exist, be, turn) with suffix -māna, middle voice.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive, 'of those who are existing/engaged'.

यम् (yam) - whom, which (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

तम् (tam) - him, that (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yam'.

वैशेषिकैः (vaiśeṣikaiḥ) - by specific, by peculiar, by distinguishing

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vaiśeṣika

vaiśeṣika - special, particular, specific, distinguishing

From viśeṣa (distinction, specific quality).

Note: Agrees with 'guṇaiḥ'.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by attributes, by virtues

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, virtue, strand, constituent of nature

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they describe

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (used as present) (lit) of pra-ah

Root ah (to say) with prefix pra. Perfect tense form, 3rd person plural, used as present tense in classical Sanskrit.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

विषयगोप्तारम् (viṣayagoptāram) - the protector of objects, the guardian of sense objects

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣayagoptṛ

viṣayagoptṛ - protector of sense objects

agent noun

Tatpuruṣa compound: viṣaya (sense object) + goptṛ (protector). goptṛ is from root gup (to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+goptṛ)

• viṣaya – object of sense, sphere, domain
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṣī (class 1)
• goptṛ – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root gup (to protect) with agent suffix -tṛ.
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, object of 'prāhuḥ'.

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, to that

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गोप्त्रात्मने (goptrātmane) - to the Self of the protector, to the soul that protects

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of goptrātman

goptrātman - the Self of the protector, the soul that protects

Tatpuruṣa compound: goptṛ (protector) + ātman (self/essence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (goptṛ+ātman)

• goptṛ – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root gup (to protect) with agent suffix -tṛ.
  Root: gup (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

नमः (namaḥ) - salutation, obeisance, homage

(indeclinable)

Root: nam (class 1)