महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-47, verse-25

महतस्तमसः पारे पुरुषं ज्वलनद्युतिम् ।
यं ज्ञात्वा मृत्युमत्येति तस्मै ज्ञेयात्मने नमः ॥२५॥

25. mahatastamasaḥ pāre puruṣaṁ jvalanadyutim ,
yaṁ jñātvā mṛtyumatyeti tasmai jñeyātmane namaḥ.

25. mahataḥ tamasaḥ pāre puruṣam jvalanadyutim yam
jñātvā mṛtyum atyeti tasmai jñeyātmane namaḥ

25. yam mahataḥ tamasaḥ pāre jvalanadyutim puruṣam
jñātvā mṛtyum atyeti tasmai jñeyātmane namaḥ

25. Salutations to that one whose self (ātman) is the Knowable (jñeya), whom, having known, one overcomes death—the cosmic person (puruṣa) shining with the brilliance of a flame, beyond the great darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great (of the great, from the great)

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of darkness (of darkness, from darkness, of ignorance)

• पारे (pāre) - beyond (beyond, on the other side, across)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the cosmic person (puruṣa) (man, person, cosmic person (puruṣa))

• ज्वलनद्युतिम् (jvalanadyutim) - shining with the brilliance of a flame (shining like fire, having the splendor of a flame)

• यम् (yam) - whom (referring to the Puruṣa/Jñeyātman) (whom, which)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known (having known, having understood)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death (death, the god of death)

• अत्येति (atyeti) - overcomes, transcends (transcends, overcomes, goes beyond)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to that (Being) (to him, to that)

• ज्ञेयात्मने (jñeyātmane) - to that one whose self (ātman) is the Knowable (jñeya) (to the one whose nature is the knowable, to the Knowable-Self)

• नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (salutation, reverence, bow)

Words meanings and morphology

महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great (of the great, from the great)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present Active Participle (used as adjective)

Derived from root mah- (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of darkness (of darkness, from darkness, of ignorance)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom; ignorance, inertia

पारे (pāre) - beyond (beyond, on the other side, across)

(indeclinable)

Root: pṝ (class 3)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the cosmic person (puruṣa) (man, person, cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, human being, person; the cosmic person, the Spirit, consciousness (puruṣa)

ज्वलनद्युतिम् (jvalanadyutim) - shining with the brilliance of a flame (shining like fire, having the splendor of a flame)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvalanadyuti

jvalanadyuti - having the radiance of a flame, shining like fire

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jvalana+dyuti)

• jvalana – burning, blazing; a flame, fire
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal Noun / Agent Noun
  Derived from root jval- (to burn, shine)
  Root: jval (class 1)
• dyuti – light, splendor, brilliance, radiance
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root dyut- (to shine)
  Root: dyut (class 1)

यम् (yam) - whom (referring to the Puruṣa/Jñeyātman) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) participle

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death (death, the god of death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise; the god of death (Yama)

Derived from root mṛ- (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

अत्येति (atyeti) - overcomes, transcends (transcends, overcomes, goes beyond)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ati-i

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to that (Being) (to him, to that)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ज्ञेयात्मने (jñeyātmane) - to that one whose self (ātman) is the Knowable (jñeya) (to the one whose nature is the knowable, to the Knowable-Self)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of jñeyātman

jñeyātman - one whose nature or self is the knowable; the Knowable-Self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñeya+ātman)

• jñeya – to be known, knowable, perceptible
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle
  Derived from root jñā- (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (salutation, reverence, bow)

(indeclinable)

Originally a noun, used as an indeclinable

Root: nam (class 1)