महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-47, verse-42

युगेष्वावर्तते योंऽशैर्दिनर्त्वयनहायनैः ।
सर्गप्रलययोः कर्ता तस्मै कालात्मने नमः ॥४२॥

42. yugeṣvāvartate yoṁ'śairdinartvayanahāyanaiḥ ,
sargapralayayoḥ kartā tasmai kālātmane namaḥ.

42. yugeṣu āvartate yaḥ aṃśaiḥ dinartvayanahāyanaiḥ
sargapralayayoḥ kartā tasmai kālātmane namaḥ

42. yaḥ yugeṣu aṃśaiḥ dinartvayanahāyanaiḥ āvartate
sargapralayayoḥ kartā tasmai kālātmane namaḥ

42. Salutations to that Self (ātman) who is Time (kāla), who manifests through ages (yuga), days, seasons, solstices, and years as His components, and who is the creator of both cosmic creation and dissolution.

Words meanings summery:

• युगेषु (yugeṣu) - in ages, in epochs, in yugas

• आवर्तते (āvartate) - revolves, turns, appears, manifests

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• अंशैः (aṁśaiḥ) - by parts, by components, by portions

• दिनर्त्वयनहायनैः (dinartvayanahāyanaiḥ) - by days, seasons, solstices, and years

• सर्गप्रलययोः (sargapralayayoḥ) - of creation and dissolution

• कर्ता (kartā) - the creator, the doer

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, to that

• कालात्मने (kālātmane) - to the Self of Time, to the essence of Time

• नमः (namaḥ) - salutation, obeisance, homage

Words meanings and morphology

युगेषु (yugeṣu) - in ages, in epochs, in yugas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of yuga

yuga - an age, an epoch, a yuga (one of four periods in Hindu cosmology)

आवर्तते (āvartate) - revolves, turns, appears, manifests

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āvṛt

root vṛt with prefix ā, middle voice, 3rd person singular present indicative

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

अंशैः (aṁśaiḥ) - by parts, by components, by portions

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aṃśa

aṁśa - a part, a share, a portion, a component

दिनर्त्वयनहायनैः (dinartvayanahāyanaiḥ) - by days, seasons, solstices, and years

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dinartvayanahāyana

dinartvayanahāyana - days, seasons, solstices, and years (collectively)

It is a Dvandva compound formed from dina (day), ṛtu (season), ayana (solstice), and hāyana (year).

Compound type : dvandva (dina+ṛtu+ayana+hāyana)

• dina – day
  noun (masculine)
• ṛtu – season
  noun (masculine)
• ayana – solstice, course, path
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: a
  Root: i (class 2)
• hāyana – year
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hā (class 1)

सर्गप्रलययोः (sargapralayayoḥ) - of creation and dissolution

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of sargapralaya

sargapralaya - creation and dissolution

Dvandva compound of sarga (creation) and pralaya (dissolution).

Compound type : dvandva (sarga+pralaya)

• sarga – creation, emission
  noun (masculine)
  From root sṛj (to create, emit) with suffix -a.
  Root: sṛj (class 6)
• pralaya – dissolution, destruction, cosmic reabsorption
  noun (masculine)
  From root lī (to dissolve) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lī (class 4)

कर्ता (kartā) - the creator, the doer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator

agent noun

From root kṛ (to do, make) with agent suffix -tṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, to that

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कालात्मने (kālātmane) - to the Self of Time, to the essence of Time

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kālātman

kālātman - the Self of Time, the essence of Time

Tatpuruṣa compound: kāla (time) + ātman (self/essence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+ātman)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

नमः (namaḥ) - salutation, obeisance, homage

(indeclinable)

Root: nam (class 1)