महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-47, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
शरतल्पे शयानस्तु भरतानां पितामहः ।
कथमुत्सृष्टवान्देहं कं च योगमधारयत् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
śaratalpe śayānastu bharatānāṁ pitāmahaḥ ,
kathamutsṛṣṭavāndehaṁ kaṁ ca yogamadhārayat.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca śaratālpe śayānaḥ tu bharatānām
pitāmahaḥ katham utsṛṣṭavān deham kam ca yogam adhārayat

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca śaratālpe śayānaḥ bharatānām pitāmahaḥ
tu deham katham utsṛṣṭavān ca kam yogam adhārayat

1. Janamejaya said: 'How did the grandfather of the Bharatas (Bhishma), lying on a bed of arrows, relinquish his body, and what kind of spiritual discipline (yoga) did he practice?'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (a king, recipient of the Mahabharata narration))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• शरताल्पे (śaratālpe) - on a bed of arrows

• शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying (lying down, reposing)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas (the Kauravas and Pandavas) (of the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata))

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the paternal grandfather (Bhishma) (paternal grandfather, great ancestor)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• उत्सृष्टवान् (utsṛṣṭavān) - he relinquished (he abandoned, he relinquished, he cast off)

• देहम् (deham) - body

• कम् (kam) - what kind of (what, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• योगम् (yogam) - spiritual discipline (yoga) (spiritual discipline (yoga), union, method)

• अधारयत् (adhārayat) - did he practice (he held, he practiced, he bore)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (a king, recipient of the Mahabharata narration))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parikshit)

Note: Nominative singular of 'janamejaya'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect third person singular active of root 'vac'.

शरताल्पे (śaratālpe) - on a bed of arrows

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śaratālpa

śaratālpa - bed of arrows

Tatpurusha compound: śarāṇām tālpaḥ (bed of arrows).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śara+tālpa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• tālpa – bed, couch
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative singular of 'śaratālpa'.

शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying (lying down, reposing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, sleeping, reposing

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root 'śī' (to lie down, sleep) with '-āna' suffix for present participle ātmanepada.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, Present Participle, modifying 'pitāmahaḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas (the Kauravas and Pandavas) (of the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a mythical king, ancestor of the Pandavas and Kauravas); a descendant of Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural of 'bharata'.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the paternal grandfather (Bhishma) (paternal grandfather, great ancestor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great ancestor (specifically Bhishma in Mahabharata context); also Brahma

Compound of 'pitṛ' (father) and 'maha' (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Nominative singular of 'pitāmaha'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

उत्सृष्टवान् (utsṛṣṭavān) - he relinquished (he abandoned, he relinquished, he cast off)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utsṛṣṭavat

utsṛṣṭavat - having abandoned, having relinquished

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'sṛj' (to release, create) with prefix 'ut-' and suffix '-vat' for past active participle.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, Past Active Participle, acting as the main verb.

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, corporeal frame

Root: dih (class 6)

Note: Accusative singular of 'deha'.

कम् (kam) - what kind of (what, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

Note: Accusative singular masculine, modifying 'yogam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

योगम् (yogam) - spiritual discipline (yoga) (spiritual discipline (yoga), union, method)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - spiritual discipline, union, conjunction, method, effort

Derived from root 'yuj' (to yoke, join, connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Accusative singular of 'yoga'.

अधारयत् (adhārayat) - did he practice (he held, he practiced, he bore)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāray

Causative of 'dhṛ' (to hold, support). Verb root 'dhṛ' in 10th class or causative stem of 'dhṛ'.

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

Note: Imperfect third person singular active of the causative root dhṛ.