महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-47, verse-30

पदाङ्गं संधिपर्वाणं स्वरव्यञ्जनलक्षणम् ।
यमाहुरक्षरं नित्यं तस्मै वागात्मने नमः ॥३०॥

30. padāṅgaṁ saṁdhiparvāṇaṁ svaravyañjanalakṣaṇam ,
yamāhurakṣaraṁ nityaṁ tasmai vāgātmane namaḥ.

30. padāṅgam sandhiparvāṇam svaravyañjanalakṣaṇam
yam āhuḥ akṣaram nityam tasmai vāgātmane namaḥ

30. yam padāṅgam sandhiparvāṇam svaravyañjanalakṣaṇam
akṣaram nityam āhuḥ tasmai vāgātmane namaḥ

30. Homage to that Self of speech (ātman) whom they declare to be the eternal (akṣara), distinguished by its word-constituents, sandhi-sections, and the nature of vowels and consonants.

Words meanings summery:

• पदाङ्गम् (padāṅgam) - a component or part of a word, as in grammar (a component part of a word; a part of a foot (in prosody))

• सन्धिपर्वाणम् (sandhiparvāṇam) - the segment or joint where sandhi (euphonic combination) occurs (a section of sandhi; a junction point of euphonic combination)

• स्वरव्यञ्जनलक्षणम् (svaravyañjanalakṣaṇam) - having the distinguishing features of vowels and consonants (characterized by vowels and consonants)

• यम् (yam) - whom (referring to the Self of Speech) (whom, which)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - (sages/learned people) declare (they say, they call, they declare)

• अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - eternal, imperishable (referring to the Self of Speech) (imperishable, indestructible, eternal, syllable)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal (qualifying the Self of Speech) (eternal, constant, perpetual)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to that (Self of Speech) (to that, for that)

• वागात्मने (vāgātmane) - to the ultimate principle identified with Speech (to the Self of Speech)

• नमः (namaḥ) - an act of reverence or bowing (salutation, homage)

Words meanings and morphology

पदाङ्गम् (padāṅgam) - a component or part of a word, as in grammar (a component part of a word; a part of a foot (in prosody))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of padāṅga

padāṅga - word-part, part of a foot (prosody)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pada+aṅga)

• pada – word, foot, step
  noun (neuter)
• aṅga – limb, body, part, component
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the morphological units of speech.

सन्धिपर्वाणम् (sandhiparvāṇam) - the segment or joint where sandhi (euphonic combination) occurs (a section of sandhi; a junction point of euphonic combination)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sandhiparvāṇa

sandhiparvāṇa - sandhi-joint, section of euphonic combination

Compound type : tatpurusha (sandhi+parvāṇa)

• sandhi – junction, connection, euphonic combination (in grammar)
  noun (masculine)
• parvāṇa – joint, knot, section, segment
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the rules of euphonic combination in Sanskrit.

स्वरव्यञ्जनलक्षणम् (svaravyañjanalakṣaṇam) - having the distinguishing features of vowels and consonants (characterized by vowels and consonants)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svaravyañjanalakṣaṇa

svaravyañjanalakṣaṇa - characterized by vowels and consonants

Compound type : tatpurusha (svara+vyañjana+lakṣaṇa)

• svara – vowel, sound, tone
  noun (masculine)
• vyañjana – consonant, manifestation, indication
  noun (neuter)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)

Note: An adjective qualifying 'akṣaram' and 'nityam' indirectly.

यम् (yam) - whom (referring to the Self of Speech) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'vāgātmane'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - (sages/learned people) declare (they say, they call, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (used as present) (Lit) of ah

perfect active

Root 'ah' is an irregular perfect form (not from dhātu `vac`).

Root: ah (class 2)

अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - eternal, imperishable (referring to the Self of Speech) (imperishable, indestructible, eternal, syllable)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṣara

akṣara - imperishable, eternal, syllable

From 'a' (not) + 'kṣara' (perishable).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣara)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kṣara – perishable, decaying, flowing away
  adjective (neuter)
  derived from root kṣar
  from root kṣar 'to flow, decay'
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal (qualifying the Self of Speech) (eternal, constant, perpetual)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, constant, perpetual

तस्मै (tasmai) - to that (Self of Speech) (to that, for that)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वागात्मने (vāgātmane) - to the ultimate principle identified with Speech (to the Self of Speech)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vāgātman

vāgātman - the Self of Speech

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+ātman)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the divine or fundamental aspect of speech.

नमः (namaḥ) - an act of reverence or bowing (salutation, homage)

(indeclinable)