योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-51, verse-15

असदेव सदेवासदज्ञानादस्य सत्यता ।
ज्ञानाद्यथास्थितं वस्तु दृश्यते नश्यति भ्रमः ॥ १५ ॥

asadeva sadevāsadajñānādasya satyatā ,
jñānādyathāsthitaṃ vastu dṛśyate naśyati bhramaḥ 15

15. asat eva sat iva asat ajñānāt asya satyatā jñānāt
yathāsthitam vastu dṛśyate naśyati bhramaḥ

15. asat eva sat iva asya satyatā asat ajñānāt jñānāt
yathāsthitam vastu dṛśyate bhramaḥ naśyati

15. What is non-existent (asat) appears as if it were existent (sat). The perception of its reality stems from ignorance (ajñāna). Through true knowledge (jñāna), the object (vastu) as it truly is (yathāsthitam) is seen, and all delusion (bhrama) perishes.

Words meanings summery:

• असत् (asat) - that which does not truly exist (non-existent, unreal, false)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just, verily)

• सत् (sat) - that which appears as existent (existent, real, true, good)

• इव (iva) - as if (introducing a semblance) (like, as, as if)

• असत् (asat) - the non-existent thing, which is the object of ignorance (non-existent, unreal, false)

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to a lack of knowledge (from ignorance, due to ignorance)

• अस्य (asya) - its (referring to the non-existent) (of this, of him, of it)

• सत्यता (satyatā) - the state of being real or true (reality, truth, existence)

• ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - through true knowledge (jñāna) (from knowledge, due to knowledge)

• यथास्थितम् (yathāsthitam) - as it truly exists (as it is, as it stands, in its proper state)

• वस्तु (vastu) - the object (vastu) as it truly is (thing, object, substance, reality, existent thing)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is clearly perceived (is seen, appears, is perceived)

• नश्यति (naśyati) - vanishes, is completely removed (perishes, is destroyed, vanishes)

• भ्रमः (bhramaḥ) - the illusion or misconception (delusion, error, wandering, confusion)

Words meanings and morphology

असत् (asat) - that which does not truly exist (non-existent, unreal, false)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, wicked

Present Active Participle (negative)

'a' (negation) + 'sat' (being, existing - present participle of 'as')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sat – existent, being, good
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  present participle of root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here as a noun, 'the non-existent'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just, verily)

(indeclinable)

सत् (sat) - that which appears as existent (existent, real, true, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existent, being, real, true, good

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

इव (iva) - as if (introducing a semblance) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

असत् (asat) - the non-existent thing, which is the object of ignorance (non-existent, unreal, false)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, wicked

Present Active Participle (negative)

'a' (negation) + 'sat' (being, existing - present participle of 'as')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sat – existent, being, good
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  present participle of root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun in the ablative context here, 'from the non-existent' or 'from ignorance of the non-existent'.

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to a lack of knowledge (from ignorance, due to ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, lack of knowledge

'a' (negation) + 'jñāna' (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

अस्य (asya) - its (referring to the non-existent) (of this, of him, of it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'asat' (the non-existent).

सत्यता (satyatā) - the state of being real or true (reality, truth, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satyatā

satyatā - reality, truth, existence, veracity

Derived from 'satya' (true, real) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract noun).

ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - through true knowledge (jñāna) (from knowledge, due to knowledge)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

यथास्थितम् (yathāsthitam) - as it truly exists (as it is, as it stands, in its proper state)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yathāsthita

yathāsthita - as it is, in its proper condition, correctly placed

Compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'sthita' (standing, situated - PPP of 'sthā').

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+sthita)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• sthita – standing, situated, existent, firm
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

वस्तु (vastu) - the object (vastu) as it truly is (thing, object, substance, reality, existent thing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastu

vastu - thing, object, substance, reality, matter, wealth

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is clearly perceived (is seen, appears, is perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive 3rd Singular

Derived from root 'dṛś', present passive formation with 'ya' suffix and 'te' ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नश्यति (naśyati) - vanishes, is completely removed (perishes, is destroyed, vanishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present Active 3rd Singular

Derived from root 'naś' (class 4).

Root: naś (class 4)

भ्रमः (bhramaḥ) - the illusion or misconception (delusion, error, wandering, confusion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrama

bhrama - delusion, error, illusion, confusion, wandering

Derived from root 'bhram' (to wander, to err).

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'naśyati'.