योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-25, verse-5

जाग्रतः स्वपतश्चैव प्राणायामोऽयमुत्तमः ।
प्रवर्तते यतस्तज्ज्ञ तत्तावच्छ्रेयसे शृणु ॥ ५ ॥

jāgrataḥ svapataścaiva prāṇāyāmo'yamuttamaḥ ,
pravartate yatastajjña tattāvacchreyase śṛṇu 5

5. jāgrataḥ svapataḥ ca eva prāṇāyāmaḥ ayam uttamaḥ
pravartate yataḥ tajjña tat tāvat śreyase śṛṇu

5. tajjña,
jāgrataḥ svapataḥ ca eva ayam uttamaḥ prāṇāyāmaḥ yataḥ pravartate,
tat tāvat śreyase śṛṇu.

5. O knower of truth (tajjña), this excellent pranayama (breath control) operates both in the waking and sleeping states. Therefore, listen to this for your well-being.

Words meanings summery:

• जाग्रतः (jāgrataḥ) - of the waking, while waking

• स्वपतः (svapataḥ) - of the sleeping, while sleeping

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• प्राणायामः (prāṇāyāmaḥ) - breath control, pranayama

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent, best

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - operates, proceeds, functions

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which, because

• तज्ज्ञ (tajjña) - O knower of that

• तत् (tat) - that

• तावत् (tāvat) - therefore (so much, therefore)

• श्रेयसे (śreyase) - for welfare, for good

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

जाग्रतः (jāgrataḥ) - of the waking, while waking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake

Present Active Participle

From root 'jāgṛ'.

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

स्वपतः (svapataḥ) - of the sleeping, while sleeping

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svapat

svapat - sleeping

Present Active Participle

From root 'svap'.

Root: svap (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

प्राणायामः (prāṇāyāmaḥ) - breath control, pranayama

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇāyāma

prāṇāyāma - regulation of breath, breath control (prāṇāyāma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+āyāma)

• prāṇa – life-breath, vital air (prāṇa)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• āyāma – extension, drawing out, control
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent, best

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent

Superlative of 'ut'.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - operates, proceeds, functions

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

Present tense, Atmanepada

From root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada form.

यतः (yataḥ) - from which, because

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix 'tas' to 'ya'.

तज्ज्ञ (tajjña) - O knower of that

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tatjña

tatjña - knower of that, omniscient

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+jña)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• jña – knower, one who knows
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jñā'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the teaching to be heard.

तावत् (tāvat) - therefore (so much, therefore)

(indeclinable)

श्रेयसे (śreyase) - for welfare, for good

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, good, excellence

Comparative/superlative of 'śrī' (auspicious, beautiful).

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative mood

From root 'śru'.

Root: śru (class 5)