बृहत्-पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रम्
bṛhat-pārāśara-horā-śāstram
-
chapter-3, verse-34
कटुक्षारतिक्तमिश्रमधुराम्लकषायकाः ।
क्रमेण सर्वे विज्ञेयाः सूर्यादीनां रसा इति ॥३४॥
क्रमेण सर्वे विज्ञेयाः सूर्यादीनां रसा इति ॥३४॥
34. kaṭukṣāratiktamiśramadhurāmlakaṣāyakāḥ .
krameṇa sarve vijñeyāḥ sūryādīnāṃ rasā iti.
krameṇa sarve vijñeyāḥ sūryādīnāṃ rasā iti.
34.
kaṭu kṣāra tikta miśra madhura amla kaṣāyakāḥ
krameṇa sarve vijñeyāḥ sūryādīnām rasāḥ iti
krameṇa sarve vijñeyāḥ sūryādīnām rasāḥ iti
34.
Pungent (kaṭu), saline (kṣāra), bitter (tikta), mixed (miśra), sweet (madhura), sour (amla), and astringent (kaṣāya) – these are declared as the tastes (rasāḥ). All of them should be known to belong to the Sun and other planets (sūryādayaḥ) in their respective order.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कटु (kaṭu) - the pungent taste (pungent, acrid, hot (taste))
- क्षार (kṣāra) - the saline taste (saline, alkaline, caustic, pungent)
- तिक्त (tikta) - the bitter taste (bitter)
- मिश्र (miśra) - the mixed taste (considered a distinct taste for Mercury) (mixed, mingled, compound)
- मधुर (madhura) - the sweet taste (sweet, pleasant)
- अम्ल (amla) - the sour taste (sour, acid)
- कषायकाः (kaṣāyakāḥ) - the astringent taste (plural form) (astringent tastes)
- क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in order, successively, gradually
- सर्वे (sarve) - all of these tastes (all, every, whole)
- विज्ञेयाः (vijñeyāḥ) - should be known, knowable, discernible
- सूर्यादीनाम् (sūryādīnām) - of the Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn (of the Sun and others)
- रसाः (rasāḥ) - the specific tastes mentioned in the verse (tastes, essences, juices, sentiments)
- इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or definition, meaning "these are called" or "thus" (thus, so, in this way, quotes)
Words meanings and morphology
कटु (kaṭu) - the pungent taste (pungent, acrid, hot (taste))
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṭu
kaṭu - pungent, acrid, sharp, hot (taste)
Note: Part of a dvandva compound, but here treated as an individual item.
क्षार (kṣāra) - the saline taste (saline, alkaline, caustic, pungent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣāra
kṣāra - saline, alkaline, caustic, pungent, salt
Note: Part of a dvandva compound, but here treated as an individual item.
तिक्त (tikta) - the bitter taste (bitter)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tikta
tikta - bitter, pungent
Note: Part of a dvandva compound, but here treated as an individual item.
मिश्र (miśra) - the mixed taste (considered a distinct taste for Mercury) (mixed, mingled, compound)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of miśra
miśra - mixed, mingled, compound, various
Past Passive Participle of miśr (to mix)
Root: miśr (class 10)
Note: Part of a dvandva compound, but here treated as an individual item.
मधुर (madhura) - the sweet taste (sweet, pleasant)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of madhura
madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming
Note: Part of a dvandva compound, but here treated as an individual item.
अम्ल (amla) - the sour taste (sour, acid)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of amla
amla - sour, acid
Note: Part of a dvandva compound, but here treated as an individual item.
कषायकाः (kaṣāyakāḥ) - the astringent taste (plural form) (astringent tastes)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṣāyaka
kaṣāyaka - astringent, an astringent taste
Derived from kaṣāya (astringent)
Note: Could be interpreted as "all types of astringent taste" or simply a plural form of the taste itself.
क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in order, successively, gradually
(indeclinable)
Note: Instrumental singular of krama, used adverbially.
सर्वे (sarve) - all of these tastes (all, every, whole)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Agrees with `rasāḥ`.
विज्ञेयाः (vijñeyāḥ) - should be known, knowable, discernible
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vijñeya
vijñeya - to be known, knowable, discernible
Gerundive
Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga vi- and suffix -ya
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Gerundive in masculine plural.
सूर्यादीनाम् (sūryādīnām) - of the Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn (of the Sun and others)
(noun)
Genitive, plural of sūryādi
sūryādi - Sun and others, beginning with the Sun
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+ādi)
- sūrya – Sun, the Sun god
proper noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
noun (masculine)
Note: Genitive plural of `sūryādi`.
रसाः (rasāḥ) - the specific tastes mentioned in the verse (tastes, essences, juices, sentiments)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rasa
rasa - taste, essence, juice, sentiment, flavor
Note: The plural form refers to the list of tastes.
इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or definition, meaning "these are called" or "thus" (thus, so, in this way, quotes)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used here to conclude the statement about the tastes.