मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-7, verse-60
कर्षतस्तां ततो भार्यां सुकुमारीं श्रमातुराम् ।
सहसा दण्डकाष्ठेन ताडयामास कौशिकः ॥६०॥
सहसा दण्डकाष्ठेन ताडयामास कौशिकः ॥६०॥
60. karṣatastāṃ tato bhāryāṃ sukumārīṃ śramāturām .
sahasā daṇḍakāṣṭhena tāḍayāmāsa kauśikaḥ.
sahasā daṇḍakāṣṭhena tāḍayāmāsa kauśikaḥ.
60.
karṣataḥ tām tataḥ bhāryām sukumārīm śramāturām
sahasā daṇḍakāṣṭhena tāḍayāmāsa kauśikaḥ
sahasā daṇḍakāṣṭhena tāḍayāmāsa kauśikaḥ
60.
Then, Kauśika suddenly struck his very delicate wife, who was distressed by fatigue, with a stick while dragging her.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कर्षतः (karṣataḥ) - while dragging (her) (dragging, pulling, plowing)
- ताम् (tām) - her (the wife) (her, that)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (from there, then, thereupon, after that)
- भार्याम् (bhāryām) - (his) wife (wife)
- सुकुमारीम् (sukumārīm) - very delicate (wife) (very tender, delicate, soft, gentle)
- श्रमातुराम् (śramāturām) - distressed by fatigue (wife) (distressed by fatigue, exhausted)
- सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, by force (suddenly, by force, precipitously)
- दण्डकाष्ठेन (daṇḍakāṣṭhena) - with a stick (with a stick, with a staff)
- ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - struck (her) (struck, beat)
- कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Viśvāmitra (descendant of Kuśika, Viśvāmitra)
Words meanings and morphology
कर्षतः (karṣataḥ) - while dragging (her) (dragging, pulling, plowing)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛṣat
kṛṣat - dragging, plowing, cultivating
Present Active Participle
Derived from root kṛṣ (class 1, parasmāipada) with śatṛ suffix, modifying a noun implied as 'he' (Kausika).
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: The genitive case here indicates the agent of the action in a genitive absolute construction or simply indicating possession of the action (while he was dragging).
ताम् (tām) - her (the wife) (her, that)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
Note: Refers to bhāryām.
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (from there, then, thereupon, after that)
(indeclinable)
Avyaya (indeclinable) derived from tad.
Note: Adverbial usage.
भार्याम् (bhāryām) - (his) wife (wife)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife, a woman who is to be supported/nourished
Gerundive
Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support) with ṇyaT suffix, indicating "one who is to be supported" or "sustained."
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Object of the verb tāḍayāmāsa.
सुकुमारीम् (sukumārīm) - very delicate (wife) (very tender, delicate, soft, gentle)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of sukumārī
sukumārī - very tender, delicate, charming
Compound of su (good, very) and kumārī (young girl, tender).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kumārī)
- su – good, well, very, excellent
indeclinable
Prefix or indeclinable. - kumārī – young girl, maiden, princess
noun (feminine)
Note: Qualifies bhāryām.
श्रमातुराम् (śramāturām) - distressed by fatigue (wife) (distressed by fatigue, exhausted)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śramāturā
śramāturā - afflicted by fatigue, weary
Compound of śrama (fatigue) and ātura (afflicted).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+āturā)
- śrama – fatigue, exertion, toil
noun (masculine)
Root: śram (class 4) - āturā – afflicted, distressed, sick
adjective (feminine)
Note: Qualifies bhāryām.
सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, by force (suddenly, by force, precipitously)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial form.
Note: Adverbial usage.
दण्डकाष्ठेन (daṇḍakāṣṭhena) - with a stick (with a stick, with a staff)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāṣṭha
daṇḍakāṣṭha - a stick, staff, piece of wood
Compound of daṇḍa (stick) and kāṣṭha (wood).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (daṇḍa+kāṣṭha)
- daṇḍa – stick, staff, rod, punishment
noun (masculine) - kāṣṭha – wood, piece of wood, timber
noun (neuter)
Note: Instrument by which the striking occurred.
ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - struck (her) (struck, beat)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of tāḍay
Perfect Tense
Periphrastic perfect form, consisting of the āM-suffix (ām) and the perfect form of the auxiliary verb as (to be). tāḍay is causative from taḍ.
Root: taḍ (class 10)
Note: Main verb of the sentence.
कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Viśvāmitra (descendant of Kuśika, Viśvāmitra)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kauśika
kauśika - a descendant of Kuśika, Viśvāmitra (a sage)
Patronymic.
Note: Subject of the sentence.