मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-7, verse-19
विश्वामित्र उवाच ।
दातव्यं कस्य के रक्ष्याः कैर्योद्धव्यं च ते नृप ।
क्षिप्रमेतत् समाचक्ष्व यद्यधर्मभयं तव ॥१९॥
दातव्यं कस्य के रक्ष्याः कैर्योद्धव्यं च ते नृप ।
क्षिप्रमेतत् समाचक्ष्व यद्यधर्मभयं तव ॥१९॥
19. viśvāmitra uvāca .
dātavyaṃ kasya ke rakṣyāḥ kairyoddhavyaṃ ca te nṛpa .
kṣiprametat samācakṣva yadyadharmabhayaṃ tava.
dātavyaṃ kasya ke rakṣyāḥ kairyoddhavyaṃ ca te nṛpa .
kṣiprametat samācakṣva yadyadharmabhayaṃ tava.
19.
viśvāmitraḥ uvāca dātavyam kasya ke rakṣyāḥ kaiḥ yoddhavyam
ca te nṛpa kṣipram etat samācakṣva yadi adharma bhayam tava
ca te nṛpa kṣipram etat samācakṣva yadi adharma bhayam tava
19.
Viśvāmitra said: "To whom should donations be made? Who should be protected? And by whom should battle be waged, O king? Quickly explain this, if you have any fear of unrighteousness (adharma)."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
- दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - should be given, to be given
- कस्य (kasya) - to whom? for whom? of whom?
- के (ke) - who? which (plural masculine)
- रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - should be protected, to be protected
- कैः (kaiḥ) - by whom? (instrumental plural masculine)
- योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - should be fought, to be fought
- च (ca) - and, also
- ते (te) - to you (the king) (to you, for you, your)
- नृप (nṛpa) - O king
- क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly
- एतत् (etat) - this
- समाचक्ष्व (samācakṣva) - explain, declare
- यदि (yadi) - if
- अधर्म (adharma) - unrighteousness, injustice, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)
- भयम् (bhayam) - fear
- तव (tava) - your, of you
Words meanings and morphology
विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra
viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a sage), friend of all
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Reduplicated perfect.
दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - should be given, to be given
(adjective)
neuter, singular of dātavya
dātavya - to be given, should be given
Gerundive
Formed from root dā with suffix -tavya.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Used impersonally, 'it should be given'.
कस्य (kasya) - to whom? for whom? of whom?
(pronoun)
masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Here used in dative sense, 'to whom?'.
के (ke) - who? which (plural masculine)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kim
kim - who, what, which
रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - should be protected, to be protected
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣya
rakṣya - to be protected, should be protected
Gerundive
Formed from root rakṣ with suffix -ya (ṇyat or kyap).
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'ke'.
कैः (kaiḥ) - by whom? (instrumental plural masculine)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of kim
kim - who, what, which
योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - should be fought, to be fought
(adjective)
neuter, singular of yoddhavya
yoddhavya - to be fought, should be fought
Gerundive
Formed from root yudh with suffix -tavya.
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Used impersonally, 'it should be fought'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
ते (te) - to you (the king) (to you, for you, your)
(pronoun)
singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun. Here dative 'to you' (Viśvāmitra is addressing the king).
नृप (nṛpa) - O king
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, ruler
Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)
- nṛ – man, person
noun (masculine) - pa – protector, guardian
adjective
From root pā (to protect).
Root: pā (class 2)
क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly
(indeclinable)
Root: kṣip (class 6)
Note: Accusative singular neuter used adverbially.
एतत् (etat) - this
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this
Note: Object of 'samācakṣva'.
समाचक्ष्व (samācakṣva) - explain, declare
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of samācakṣ
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: cakṣ (class 2)
Note: From root cakṣ (to say, tell) with prefixes sam and ā.
यदि (yadi) - if
(indeclinable)
अधर्म (adharma) - unrighteousness, injustice, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma
adharma - unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)
Negation of dharma with prefix a-.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix - dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'bhayam'.
भयम् (bhayam) - fear
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya
bhaya - fear, apprehension
Root: bhī (class 3)
तव (tava) - your, of you
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Note: Possessive pronoun.