मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-58, verse-52
तथा सयवना हिङ्गाश्चीरप्रावरणाश्च ये ।
त्रिनेत्राः पौरवाश्चैव गन्धर्वाश्च द्विजात्तम ॥५२॥
त्रिनेत्राः पौरवाश्चैव गन्धर्वाश्च द्विजात्तम ॥५२॥
52. tathā sayavanā hiṅgāścīraprāvaraṇāśca ye .
trinetrāḥ pauravāścaiva gandharvāśca dvijāttama.
trinetrāḥ pauravāścaiva gandharvāśca dvijāttama.
52.
tathā sayavanāḥ hiṅgāḥ ca cīraprāvaraṇāḥ ca ye
trinetrāḥ pauravāḥ ca eva gandharvāḥ ca dvijāttama
trinetrāḥ pauravāḥ ca eva gandharvāḥ ca dvijāttama
52.
And the Hiṅgas, along with the Yavanas, and those who wear bark-garments; the three-eyed ones, the Pauravas, and also the Gandharvas. O best among the twice-born (dvija).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तथा (tathā) - and, also (used as a conjunction in a list) (and, thus, so, also)
- सयवनाः (sayavanāḥ) - (The Hiṅgas) accompanied by the Yavanas (accompanied by Yavanas; including Yavanas)
- हिङ्गाः (hiṅgāḥ) - The Hiṅgas (a specific people) (Name of a people/tribe)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- चीरप्रावरणाः (cīraprāvaraṇāḥ) - (Those people) clad in bark-garments (as a defining characteristic of a tribe) (clad in bark-garments)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- ये (ye) - those who (referring to the preceding or following groups in an enumeration) (who, which (masculine plural nominative relative pronoun))
- त्रिनेत्राः (trinetrāḥ) - The three-eyed ones (a specific mythical people/tribe) (three-eyed; name of a mythical race)
- पौरवाः (pauravāḥ) - The Pauravas (a specific people, a historical dynasty) (descendants of Puru; Pauravas (name of a dynasty/people))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - an emphatic particle, here adding to the enumeration (indeed, truly, just, only, very)
- गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - The Gandharvas (a specific class of celestial beings/people) (Gandharvas (celestial musicians, demigods))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- द्विजात्तम (dvijāttama) - O best among the twice-born (dvija), used as a respectful address to a listener or narrator (e.g., Sañjaya or Vyāsa) (O best among the twice-born)
Words meanings and morphology
तथा (tathā) - and, also (used as a conjunction in a list) (and, thus, so, also)
(indeclinable)
सयवनाः (sayavanāḥ) - (The Hiṅgas) accompanied by the Yavanas (accompanied by Yavanas; including Yavanas)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sayavana
sayavana - accompanied by Yavanas; consisting of Yavanas
From sa- (with) + yavana (Yavanas)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+yavana)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - yavana – a Greek, Ionian, foreigner; name of a people
proper noun (masculine)
Note: Qualifies 'Hiṅgas', indicating they are with the Yavanas or comprise Yavanas.
हिङ्गाः (hiṅgāḥ) - The Hiṅgas (a specific people) (Name of a people/tribe)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of hiṅga
hiṅga - Name of a tribe or people
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
चीरप्रावरणाः (cīraprāvaraṇāḥ) - (Those people) clad in bark-garments (as a defining characteristic of a tribe) (clad in bark-garments)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of cīraprāvaraṇa
cīraprāvaraṇa - clad in bark, wearing bark-garments
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cīra+prāvaraṇa)
- cīra – bark-garment, strip of bark or cloth
noun (neuter) - prāvaraṇa – garment, covering
noun (neuter)
From pra + vṛ (to cover) + ana (suffix)
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Used substantively to refer to a tribe or group known for this attire.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
ये (ye) - those who (referring to the preceding or following groups in an enumeration) (who, which (masculine plural nominative relative pronoun))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ya
ya - who, which, what
त्रिनेत्राः (trinetrāḥ) - The three-eyed ones (a specific mythical people/tribe) (three-eyed; name of a mythical race)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of trinetra
trinetra - three-eyed; an epithet of Shiva; name of a race of men
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+netra)
- tri – three
numeral (masculine/feminine/neuter) - netra – eye
noun (neuter)
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Refers to a mythical people often found in lists of various human and non-human races.
पौरवाः (pauravāḥ) - The Pauravas (a specific people, a historical dynasty) (descendants of Puru; Pauravas (name of a dynasty/people))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of paurava
paurava - descendant of Puru; belonging to the Puru race; name of a people
From Puru (proper noun) + aṇ (suffix)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - an emphatic particle, here adding to the enumeration (indeed, truly, just, only, very)
(indeclinable)
गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - The Gandharvas (a specific class of celestial beings/people) (Gandharvas (celestial musicians, demigods))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva
gandharva - a class of celestial beings, heavenly musicians
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
द्विजात्तम (dvijāttama) - O best among the twice-born (dvija), used as a respectful address to a listener or narrator (e.g., Sañjaya or Vyāsa) (O best among the twice-born)
(compound noun)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)
- dvija – twice-born (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya); bird; tooth
noun (masculine) - uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)