मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-58, verse-12
तथा चन्द्रेश्वराश्चैव खशाश्च मगधास्तथा ।
गिरयो मैथिलाः शुभ्रास्तथा वदनदन्तुराः ॥१२॥
गिरयो मैथिलाः शुभ्रास्तथा वदनदन्तुराः ॥१२॥
12. tathā candreśvarāścaiva khaśāśca magadhāstathā .
girayo maithilāḥ śubhrāstathā vadanadanturāḥ.
girayo maithilāḥ śubhrāstathā vadanadanturāḥ.
12.
tathā candreśvarāḥ ca eva khaśāḥ ca magadhāḥ tathā
girayaḥ maithilāḥ śubhrāḥ tathā vadanadanturāḥ
girayaḥ maithilāḥ śubhrāḥ tathā vadanadanturāḥ
12.
And likewise, the Cāndreśvaras, as well as the Khaśas and Magadhas. Also, the Maithilas, the beautiful mountains, and those with rugged countenances.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तथा (tathā) - continues the list in a similar manner to the preceding verses (thus, so, likewise)
- चन्द्रेश्वराः (candreśvarāḥ) - a people or region named Cāndreśvara (the Cāndreśvaras (a people/region))
- च (ca) - connects Cāndreśvaras to the next group (and, also)
- एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding name (indeed, certainly)
- खशाः (khaśāḥ) - an ancient tribe, likely inhabiting mountainous regions (the Khaśas (a people/tribe))
- च (ca) - connects Khaśas to the Magadhas (and, also)
- मगधाः (magadhāḥ) - inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Magadha (the Magadhas (people of Magadha))
- तथा (tathā) - introduces another set of items in the list (likewise, similarly)
- गिरयः (girayaḥ) - refers to mountain ranges in the described region (mountains)
- मैथिलाः (maithilāḥ) - inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Mithila (the Maithilas (people of Mithila))
- शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) - describes the mountains (`girayaḥ`) as splendid (pure, white, splendid, beautiful)
- तथा (tathā) - introduces the final element in this part of the list (similarly, also)
- वदनदन्तुराः (vadanadanturāḥ) - refers to a group of people characterized by rugged visages (having rugged faces, having prominent teeth)
Words meanings and morphology
तथा (tathā) - continues the list in a similar manner to the preceding verses (thus, so, likewise)
(indeclinable)
चन्द्रेश्वराः (candreśvarāḥ) - a people or region named Cāndreśvara (the Cāndreśvaras (a people/region))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of candreśvara
candreśvara - lord of the moon (Śiva); name of a people or region
Compound of candra (moon) and īśvara (lord)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+īśvara)
- candra – moon
noun (masculine) - īśvara – lord, master, ruler; Śiva
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to a group of people.
च (ca) - connects Cāndreśvaras to the next group (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding name (indeed, certainly)
(indeclinable)
खशाः (khaśāḥ) - an ancient tribe, likely inhabiting mountainous regions (the Khaśas (a people/tribe))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of khaśa
khaśa - name of a degraded Kṣatriya tribe or people
च (ca) - connects Khaśas to the Magadhas (and, also)
(indeclinable)
मगधाः (magadhāḥ) - inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Magadha (the Magadhas (people of Magadha))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of magadha
magadha - a native or king of Magadha; the ancient country of Magadha
तथा (tathā) - introduces another set of items in the list (likewise, similarly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Repeats to separate groups in the list.
गिरयः (girayaḥ) - refers to mountain ranges in the described region (mountains)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of giri
giri - mountain, hill
मैथिलाः (maithilāḥ) - inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Mithila (the Maithilas (people of Mithila))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of maithila
maithila - a native or king of Mithila; relating to Mithila
from Mithila + -a (suffix)
Note: Refers to a group of people.
शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) - describes the mountains (`girayaḥ`) as splendid (pure, white, splendid, beautiful)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śubhra
śubhra - bright, splendid, pure, white
Note: Qualifies `girayaḥ`.
तथा (tathā) - introduces the final element in this part of the list (similarly, also)
(indeclinable)
वदनदन्तुराः (vadanadanturāḥ) - refers to a group of people characterized by rugged visages (having rugged faces, having prominent teeth)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vadanadantura
vadanadantura - having rugged face, having prominent/projecting teeth
Compound of vadana (face) and dantura (toothed, rugged)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vadana+dantura)
- vadana – face, mouth, countenance
noun (neuter) - dantura – toothed, having prominent teeth; rugged, uneven
adjective (masculine)
from danta (tooth)
Note: Likely refers to a people.