मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-39, verse-41
धारणेत्युच्यते चेयं धार्यते यन्मनो यथा ।
शब्दादिभ्यः प्रवृत्तानि यदक्षाणि यतात्मभिः ॥४१॥
शब्दादिभ्यः प्रवृत्तानि यदक्षाणि यतात्मभिः ॥४१॥
41. dhāraṇetyucyate ceyaṃ dhāryate yanmano yathā .
śabdādibhyaḥ pravṛttāni yadakṣāṇi yatātmabhiḥ.
śabdādibhyaḥ pravṛttāni yadakṣāṇi yatātmabhiḥ.
41.
dhāraṇā iti ucyate ca iyam dhāryate yat manaḥ yathā
| śabdādibhyaḥ pravṛttāni yat akṣāṇi yatātmabhiḥ
| śabdādibhyaḥ pravṛttāni yat akṣāṇi yatātmabhiḥ
41.
And this (practice) is called dhāraṇā, by which means the mind (manas) is fixed. When the senses (akṣa), naturally inclined towards sounds and other (sense objects), are withdrawn by those who have controlled their self (ātman)...
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धारणा (dhāraṇā) - the yogic practice of concentration (dhāraṇā) (concentration, holding, fixing)
- इति (iti) - marks a quotation or statement, meaning 'thus called' (thus, so, in this manner)
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is defined as, is named (is said, is called, is declared)
- च (ca) - and, also, moreover
- इयम् (iyam) - this (practice of dhāraṇā) (this (feminine))
- धार्यते (dhāryate) - the mind is steadied or brought to focus (is held, is supported, is fixed, is concentrated)
- यत् (yat) - by which means (the mind is held) (that which, whereby, by which means)
- मनः (manaḥ) - the mental faculty, mind (manas) (mind, intellect, consciousness)
- यथा (yathā) - as, or possibly by which means, indicating the manner of holding (as, just as, in which way)
- शब्दादिभ्यः (śabdādibhyaḥ) - from the objects of the senses, beginning with sound (from sounds and so forth, from sound and others)
- प्रवृत्तानि (pravṛttāni) - naturally inclined or directed towards (sense objects) (turned towards, engaged in, naturally inclined, moving forward)
- यत् (yat) - which, that, what
- अक्षाणि (akṣāṇi) - the sensory organs (senses, eyes)
- यतात्मभिः (yatātmabhiḥ) - by yogis or ascetics who have achieved self-control (by those who have controlled their self (ātman))
Words meanings and morphology
धारणा (dhāraṇā) - the yogic practice of concentration (dhāraṇā) (concentration, holding, fixing)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of dhāraṇā
dhāraṇā - holding, bearing, retaining, concentration, memory
Feminine noun derived from root 'dhṛ'.
Derived from the root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support) with suffix '-anā'.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
इति (iti) - marks a quotation or statement, meaning 'thus called' (thus, so, in this manner)
(indeclinable)
उच्यते (ucyate) - is defined as, is named (is said, is called, is declared)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac
Root verb, forms passive with 'ucyate'.
Root: vac (class 2)
च (ca) - and, also, moreover
(indeclinable)
इयम् (iyam) - this (practice of dhāraṇā) (this (feminine))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one, here
Demonstrative pronoun.
धार्यते (dhāryate) - the mind is steadied or brought to focus (is held, is supported, is fixed, is concentrated)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dhṛ
Root verb, forms passive with '-yate'.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
यत् (yat) - by which means (the mind is held) (that which, whereby, by which means)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, that, what, whereby
Relative pronoun, neuter singular.
मनः (manaḥ) - the mental faculty, mind (manas) (mind, intellect, consciousness)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of manas
manas - mind, intellect, thought, understanding, heart
यथा (yathā) - as, or possibly by which means, indicating the manner of holding (as, just as, in which way)
(indeclinable)
शब्दादिभ्यः (śabdādibhyaḥ) - from the objects of the senses, beginning with sound (from sounds and so forth, from sound and others)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, plural of śabdādi
śabdādi - sound and so forth, sound and other (sense objects)
Compound type : tatpurusha (śabda+ādi)
- śabda – sound, word, noise
noun (masculine) - ādi – beginning, and so forth, etc.
noun (masculine)
प्रवृत्तानि (pravṛttāni) - naturally inclined or directed towards (sense objects) (turned towards, engaged in, naturally inclined, moving forward)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, plural of pravṛtta
pravṛtta - turned towards, engaged in, naturally inclined, begun, active
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'pra'.
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'akṣāṇi'.
यत् (yat) - which, that, what
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of yad
yad - which, that, what, whereby
Relative pronoun, neuter plural.
अक्षाणि (akṣāṇi) - the sensory organs (senses, eyes)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of akṣa
akṣa - eye, sense, organ of sense
यतात्मभिः (yatātmabhiḥ) - by yogis or ascetics who have achieved self-control (by those who have controlled their self (ātman))
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of yatātman
yatātman - one who has controlled their self, disciplined in self (ātman)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (yata+ātman)
- yata – controlled, restrained, self-controlled
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'yam' (to restrain, control).
Root: yam (class 1) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
noun (masculine)