मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-39, verse-13
लघुमध्योत्तरीयाख्यः प्राणायामस्त्रिधोदितः ।
तस्य प्रमाणं वक्ष्यामि तदलर्क शृणुष्व मे ॥१३॥
तस्य प्रमाणं वक्ष्यामि तदलर्क शृणुष्व मे ॥१३॥
13. laghumadhyottarīyākhyaḥ prāṇāyāmastridhoditaḥ .
tasya pramāṇaṃ vakṣyāmi tadalarka śṛṇuṣva me.
tasya pramāṇaṃ vakṣyāmi tadalarka śṛṇuṣva me.
13.
laghumadhyottarīyākhyaḥ prāṇāyāmaḥ tridhā uditaḥ
tasya pramāṇam vakṣyāmi tat alarka śṛṇuṣva me
tasya pramāṇam vakṣyāmi tat alarka śṛṇuṣva me
13.
Prāṇāyāma is declared to be of three types: Laghu (short), Madhya (medium), and Uttariya (superior). I will now explain its precise duration; O Alarka, listen to me.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- लघुमध्योत्तरीयाख्यः (laghumadhyottarīyākhyaḥ) - named Laghu, Madhya, and Uttariya
- प्राणायामः (prāṇāyāmaḥ) - prāṇāyāma (prāṇāyāma, breath control)
- त्रिधा (tridhā) - of three types (in three ways, threefold)
- उदितः (uditaḥ) - is declared/spoken of (risen, declared, spoken of)
- तस्य (tasya) - its (referring to prāṇāyāma) (of it, its)
- प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - precise duration (measure, extent, proof, standard)
- वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will explain (I will tell/speak)
- तत् (tat) - this (referring to the measure) (that, this)
- अलर्क (alarka) - O Alarka (proper noun)
- शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen (imperative) (listen, hear)
- मे (me) - to me (listen to me) (to me, my, by me)
Words meanings and morphology
लघुमध्योत्तरीयाख्यः (laghumadhyottarīyākhyaḥ) - named Laghu, Madhya, and Uttariya
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of laghumadhyottarīyākhya
laghumadhyottarīyākhya - named Laghu (short), Madhya (medium), and Uttariya (superior)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+madhya+uttarīya+ākhya)
- laghu – light, small, short
adjective (masculine) - madhya – middle, medium
adjective (masculine) - uttarīya – superior, upper, later
adjective (masculine) - ākhya – named, called, designated
adjective (masculine)
Derived from root √khyā (to tell) with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: khyā (class 2)
Note: Qualifies 'prāṇāyāmaḥ'.
प्राणायामः (prāṇāyāmaḥ) - prāṇāyāma (prāṇāyāma, breath control)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇāyāma
prāṇāyāma - breath control, regulation of vital breath (prāṇa)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+āyāma)
- prāṇa – vital breath, life-force (prāṇa)
noun (masculine) - āyāma – extension, length, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ā
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Subject.
त्रिधा (tridhā) - of three types (in three ways, threefold)
(indeclinable)
suffix -dhā indicating 'in parts'
Note: Adverbial.
उदितः (uditaḥ) - is declared/spoken of (risen, declared, spoken of)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udita
udita - risen, spoken, declared, mentioned
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √vad (to speak) or √i (to go, rise) with prefix ud. Here, from √vad.
Prefix: ud
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'prāṇāyāmaḥ'.
तस्य (tasya) - its (referring to prāṇāyāma) (of it, its)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to 'prāṇāyāma'.
प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - precise duration (measure, extent, proof, standard)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa
pramāṇa - measure, dimension, standard, proof, authority
Root: mā (class 3)
Note: Object of 'vakṣyāmi'.
वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will explain (I will tell/speak)
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac
future active first singular
Root: vac (class 2)
तत् (tat) - this (referring to the measure) (that, this)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this, it
Note: Adverbial usage or refers to the statement being made.
अलर्क (alarka) - O Alarka (proper noun)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of alarka
alarka - name of a king or sage
Note: Addressed to Alarka.
शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen (imperative) (listen, hear)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of śru
imperative middle second singular
Root: śru (class 5)
मे (me) - to me (listen to me) (to me, my, by me)
(pronoun)
singular of aham
aham - I, myself
Note: Used here in the sense 'to me' with 'śṛṇuṣva'.