मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-39, verse-18
वश्यं मत्तं यथेच्छातो नागं नयति हस्तिपः ।
तथैव योगी छन्देन प्राणं नयति साधितम् ॥१८॥
तथैव योगी छन्देन प्राणं नयति साधितम् ॥१८॥
18. vaśyaṃ mattaṃ yathecchāto nāgaṃ nayati hastipaḥ .
tathaiva yogī chandena prāṇaṃ nayati sādhitam.
tathaiva yogī chandena prāṇaṃ nayati sādhitam.
18.
vaśyam mattam yathā icchātaḥ nāgam nayati hastipaḥ
tathā eva yogī chandena prāṇam nayati sādhitam
tathā eva yogī chandena prāṇam nayati sādhitam
18.
Just as an elephant-driver leads an obedient, yet previously wild, elephant as he pleases, similarly, the practitioner (yogin) (yoga) leads the subdued life-force (prāṇa) by their will.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वश्यम् (vaśyam) - obedient, subdued, controllable
- मत्तम् (mattam) - previously wild or unruly (like a rutting elephant) (intoxicated, wild, rutting)
- यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner
- इच्छातः (icchātaḥ) - by desire, according to will, willingly
- नागम् (nāgam) - an elephant (elephant, serpent, Nāga (mythical being))
- नयति (nayati) - leads, guides, carries
- हस्तिपः (hastipaḥ) - elephant-driver, mahout
- तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly
- योगी (yogī) - the practitioner of yoga (the practitioner)
- छन्देन (chandena) - by will, by desire, according to one's own will
- प्राणम् (prāṇam) - the vital life-force (prāṇa) managed in yoga (breath, life-force, vital air)
- नयति (nayati) - leads, guides, carries
- साधितम् (sādhitam) - subdued, trained, perfected, accomplished
Words meanings and morphology
वश्यम् (vaśyam) - obedient, subdued, controllable
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśya
vaśya - obedient, subject to, controllable, tractable
Gerundive (future passive participle)
From root vaś (to desire, to be under control) with -ya suffix.
Root: vaś (class 2)
Note: Qualifies 'nāgam'. Accusative singular, agreeing with nāgam.
मत्तम् (mattam) - previously wild or unruly (like a rutting elephant) (intoxicated, wild, rutting)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of matta
matta - intoxicated, drunk, wild, rutting (of elephants), maddened
Past Passive Participle
From root mad (to be glad, intoxicated).
Root: mad (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'nāgam'. Accusative singular.
यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner
(indeclinable)
Particle used for comparison.
Note: Correlates with 'tathā'.
इच्छातः (icchātaḥ) - by desire, according to will, willingly
(noun)
Ablative, feminine, singular of icchā
icchā - desire, wish, will
From root iṣ (to wish) + -ā suffix. The -taḥ suffix makes it an adverbial ablative.
Root: iṣ (class 6)
Note: Used adverbially to mean 'as one desires'.
नागम् (nāgam) - an elephant (elephant, serpent, Nāga (mythical being))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga
nāga - serpent, snake, elephant, mythical Nāga
Note: Object of 'nayati'.
नयति (nayati) - leads, guides, carries
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nī
Present Indicative, Active Voice
Root nī (class 1, parasmāipada).
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Verb for 'hastipaḥ' and 'yogī'.
हस्तिपः (hastipaḥ) - elephant-driver, mahout
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of hastipa
hastipa - elephant-driver, mahout
Compound of hasti (elephant) and pa (protector/driver).
Compound type : tatpurusha (hastin+pa)
- hastin – elephant
noun (masculine) - pa – protector, keeper, one who drinks
noun (masculine)
From root pā (to protect/drink).
Root: pā (class 1)
Note: Subject of the first 'nayati'.
तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise
(indeclinable)
Note: Correlates with 'yathā'.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
योगी (yogī) - the practitioner of yoga (the practitioner)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yogin
yogin - practitioner of yoga, ascetic, one endowed with yoga
From yoga + -in suffix.
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Subject of the second 'nayati'.
छन्देन (chandena) - by will, by desire, according to one's own will
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of chanda
chanda - will, desire, pleasure, meter
From root chand (to please).
Root: chand (class 10)
Note: Instrumental case indicating agency or means.
प्राणम् (prāṇam) - the vital life-force (prāṇa) managed in yoga (breath, life-force, vital air)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇa
prāṇa - breath, vital air, life-force, spirit
From prefix pra- and root an (to breathe).
Prefix: pra
Root: an (class 2)
नयति (nayati) - leads, guides, carries
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nī
Present Indicative, Active Voice
Root nī (class 1, parasmāipada).
Root: nī (class 1)
Note: Verb for 'yogī'.
साधितम् (sādhitam) - subdued, trained, perfected, accomplished
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sādhita
sādhita - accomplished, perfected, trained, subdued, proved
Past Passive Participle
From root sādh (to accomplish, to master) + kta suffix.
Root: sādh (class 5)
Note: Agrees with 'prāṇam'.