मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-39, verse-16
प्रथमेन जयेत्स्वेदं मध्यमेन च वेपथुम् ।
विषादं हि तृतीयेन जयेद्दोषाननुक्रमात् ॥१६॥
विषादं हि तृतीयेन जयेद्दोषाननुक्रमात् ॥१६॥
16. prathamena jayetsvedaṃ madhyamena ca vepathum .
viṣādaṃ hi tṛtīyena jayeddoṣānanukramāt.
viṣādaṃ hi tṛtīyena jayeddoṣānanukramāt.
16.
prathameṇa jayet svedam madhyamena ca vepathum
viṣādam hi tṛtīyena jayet doṣān anukramāt
viṣādam hi tṛtīyena jayet doṣān anukramāt
16.
One should conquer perspiration with the first (stage of `prāṇāyāma` (yoga)), and trembling with the second. Indeed, one should conquer despondency with the third, thus overcoming these faults in succession.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रथमेण (prathameṇa) - by the first stage (of prāṇāyāma) (by the first)
- जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer, should overcome
- स्वेदम् (svedam) - perspiration, sweat
- मध्यमेन (madhyamena) - by the second stage (of prāṇāyāma) (by the middle, by the second)
- च (ca) - and, also
- वेपथुम् (vepathum) - trembling, shivering
- विषादम् (viṣādam) - despondency, dejection, sorrow
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
- तृतीयेन (tṛtīyena) - by the third stage (of prāṇāyāma) (by the third)
- जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer, should overcome
- दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, imperfections, defects
- अनुक्रमात् (anukramāt) - in succession, in order, respectively
Words meanings and morphology
प्रथमेण (prathameṇa) - by the first stage (of prāṇāyāma) (by the first)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of prathama
prathama - first, primary
Superlative suffix -ma applied to pra.
Note: Refers to the first stage or method.
जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer, should overcome
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ji
Optative Mood, Active Voice
Root ji (class 1, parasmāipada).
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'one' or 'the practitioner'.
स्वेदम् (svedam) - perspiration, sweat
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sveda
sveda - perspiration, sweat, heat
From root svid (to sweat).
Root: svid (class 4)
Note: Object of 'jayet'.
मध्यमेन (madhyamena) - by the second stage (of prāṇāyāma) (by the middle, by the second)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of madhyama
madhyama - middle, central, second
Superlative suffix -ma applied to madhya.
Note: Refers to the second stage or method.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
वेपथुम् (vepathum) - trembling, shivering
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vepathu
vepathu - trembling, shivering, tremor
From root vip (to tremble).
Root: vip (class 4)
Note: Object of 'jayet'.
विषादम् (viṣādam) - despondency, dejection, sorrow
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda
viṣāda - despondency, dejection, sadness, discouragement
From prefix vi- and root sad (to sink).
Prefix: vi
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: Object of 'jayet'.
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because
(indeclinable)
Particle.
तृतीयेन (tṛtīyena) - by the third stage (of prāṇāyāma) (by the third)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of tṛtīya
tṛtīya - third
Ordinal number from tri (three).
Note: Refers to the third stage or method.
जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer, should overcome
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ji
Optative Mood, Active Voice
Root ji (class 1, parasmāipada).
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'one' or 'the practitioner'.
दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, imperfections, defects
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa
doṣa - fault, defect, error, imperfection
From root duṣ (to be corrupt).
Root: duṣ (class 4)
Note: Object of 'jayet'.
अनुक्रमात् (anukramāt) - in succession, in order, respectively
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of anukrama
anukrama - succession, order, sequence
From prefix anu- and krama (step, order). Used adverbially in the ablative.
Prefix: anu
Root: kram (class 1)
Note: Indicates that the faults are to be overcome sequentially.