मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-39, verse-33
निगृह्य समवायेन प्रत्याहारमुपक्रमेत् ।
यस्तु प्रत्याहरेत्कामान सर्वाङ्गानीव कच्छपः ॥३३॥
यस्तु प्रत्याहरेत्कामान सर्वाङ्गानीव कच्छपः ॥३३॥
33. nigṛhya samavāyena pratyāhāramupakramet .
yastu pratyāharetkāmāna sarvāṅgānīva kacchapaḥ.
yastu pratyāharetkāmāna sarvāṅgānīva kacchapaḥ.
33.
nigṛhya samavāyena pratyāhāram upakramet yaḥ
tu pratyāharet kāmān sarvāṅgāni iva kacchapaḥ
tu pratyāharet kāmān sarvāṅgāni iva kacchapaḥ
33.
Having completely restrained [the senses, vital breaths, and mind], one should begin the practice of sensory withdrawal (pratyāhāra). Indeed, he who withdraws desires (kāma) just as a tortoise withdraws all its limbs...
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having completely restrained (having restrained, having subdued, having controlled)
- समवायेन (samavāyena) - by complete restraint, completely (by conjunction, by complete union, by coherence, by assemblage, completely)
- प्रत्याहारम् (pratyāhāram) - sensory withdrawal (pratyāhāra) (withdrawal, sensory withdrawal, pratyāhāra)
- उपक्रमेत् (upakramet) - one should begin (one should begin, one should undertake)
- यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
- प्रत्याहरेत् (pratyāharet) - he who withdraws (one should withdraw, one should draw back)
- कामान् (kāmān) - desires (kāma) (desires, wishes, objects of desire)
- सर्वाङ्गानि (sarvāṅgāni) - all its limbs (all limbs, all parts of the body)
- इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)
- कच्छपः (kacchapaḥ) - a tortoise (tortoise, turtle)
Words meanings and morphology
निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having completely restrained (having restrained, having subdued, having controlled)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root 'grah' (to seize, to grasp) with prefix 'ni' (down, in, completely) and suffix '-ya'.
Prefix: ni
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: Refers to restraining the senses, vital breaths, and mind mentioned in the previous verse.
समवायेन (samavāyena) - by complete restraint, completely (by conjunction, by complete union, by coherence, by assemblage, completely)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of samavāya
samavāya - conjunction, close union, coherence, assemblage
From 'sam' + 'ava' + root 'i' (to go). Implies completeness or totality in the action.
Prefixes: sam+ava
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Indicates the manner of restraining.
प्रत्याहारम् (pratyāhāram) - sensory withdrawal (pratyāhāra) (withdrawal, sensory withdrawal, pratyāhāra)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pratyāhāra
pratyāhāra - withdrawal of the senses from their objects, pratyāhāra (one of the eight limbs of yoga)
From 'prati' (back, against) + 'ā' (towards) + root 'hṛ' (to take, to carry).
Prefixes: prati+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
उपक्रमेत् (upakramet) - one should begin (one should begin, one should undertake)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upakram
Prefix: upa
Root: kram (class 1)
यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Note: Relative pronoun referring to the practitioner.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
प्रत्याहरेत् (pratyāharet) - he who withdraws (one should withdraw, one should draw back)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pratyāhṛ
Prefixes: prati+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
कामान् (kāmān) - desires (kāma) (desires, wishes, objects of desire)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma
kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, object of desire
Root: kam (class 1)
सर्वाङ्गानि (sarvāṅgāni) - all its limbs (all limbs, all parts of the body)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of sarvāṅga
sarvāṅga - all limbs, entire body
Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'aṅga' (limb).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+aṅga)
- sarva – all, every, whole
adjective (neuter) - aṅga – limb, body part, constituent
noun (neuter)
इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)
(indeclinable)
कच्छपः (kacchapaḥ) - a tortoise (tortoise, turtle)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kacchapa
kacchapa - tortoise, turtle