महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-62, verse-51

ततः शतानीकहता महागजा हया रथाः पत्तिगणाश्च तावकाः ।
सुपर्णवातप्रहता यथा नगास्तथा गता गामवशा विचूर्णिताः ॥५१॥

51. tataḥ śatānīkahatā mahāgajā; hayā rathāḥ pattigaṇāśca tāvakāḥ ,
suparṇavātaprahatā yathā nagā;stathā gatā gāmavaśā vicūrṇitāḥ.

51. tataḥ śatānīkahatāḥ mahāgajāḥ
hayāḥ rathāḥ pattigaṇāḥ ca tāvakāḥ
suparṇavātaprahatāḥ yathā nagāḥ
tathā gatāḥ gām avaśāḥ vicūrṇitāḥ

51. tataḥ śatānīkahatāḥ tāvakāḥ
mahāgajāḥ hayāḥ rathāḥ ca pattigaṇāḥ
yathā suparṇavātaprahatāḥ nagāḥ
tathā avaśāḥ vicūrṇitāḥ gām gatāḥ

51. Then your great elephants, horses, chariots, and infantry forces, struck down by Śatānīka, fell helplessly to the ground, shattered, just like trees struck by a fierce gale.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• शतानीकहताः (śatānīkahatāḥ) - killed by Śatānīka, struck by Śatānīka

• महागजाः (mahāgajāḥ) - great elephants

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• पत्तिगणाः (pattigaṇāḥ) - groups of infantry, infantry forces

• च (ca) - and

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Duryodhana's) forces (your (men/forces))

• सुपर्णवातप्रहताः (suparṇavātaprahatāḥ) - struck by the wind of Suparṇa (Garuda), struck by a fierce gale

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• नगाः (nagāḥ) - trees (in the context of being shattered) (mountains, trees)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

• गताः (gatāḥ) - fell to the earth (went, reached, fell)

• गाम् (gām) - to the earth

• अवशाः (avaśāḥ) - helpless, powerless

• विचूर्णिताः (vicūrṇitāḥ) - completely shattered, crushed

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

शतानीकहताः (śatānīkahatāḥ) - killed by Śatānīka, struck by Śatānīka

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatānīkahata

śatānīkahata - struck/killed by Śatānīka

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `han` (to strike/kill) with prefix `ā` and compounded with Śatānīka

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatānīka+hata)

• śatānīka – Name of a Pāṇḍava warrior, son of Nakula
  proper noun (masculine)
• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `han` (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `mahāgajāḥ`, `hayāḥ`, `rathāḥ`, `pattigaṇāḥ`

महागजाः (mahāgajāḥ) - great elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāgaja

mahāgaja - great elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+gaja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

From root `hi` (to go)

Root: hi (class 5)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ram` (to delight) or `ṛ` (to go)

Root: ram (class 1)

पत्तिगणाः (pattigaṇāḥ) - groups of infantry, infantry forces

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pattigaṇa

pattigaṇa - group of foot soldiers, infantry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (patti+gaṇa)

• patti – foot soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Duryodhana's) forces (your (men/forces))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you

Derived from `tva` (you) with suffix `-ka`

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's army.

सुपर्णवातप्रहताः (suparṇavātaprahatāḥ) - struck by the wind of Suparṇa (Garuda), struck by a fierce gale

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suparṇavātaprahata

suparṇavātaprahata - struck by the wind of Suparṇa/Garuda

Past Passive Participle

Compound, from `han` with `pra` prefix, compounded with `suparṇavāta`

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suparṇa+vāta+prahata)

• suparṇa – having good wings; a mythical eagle, Garuda
  noun (masculine)
• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• prahata – struck, hit, smitten
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `han` (to strike, kill) with prefix `pra`
  Prefix: pra
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `nagāḥ`.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

नगाः (nagāḥ) - trees (in the context of being shattered) (mountains, trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naga

naga - mountain, tree (lit. 'not moving')

`na` (not) + `ga` (going)

Compound type : nayatatpuruṣa (na+ga)

• na – not
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• ga – going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  From root `gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to trees in the context of being 'shattered'.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

(indeclinable)

गताः (gatāḥ) - fell to the earth (went, reached, fell)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mahāgajāḥ`, `hayāḥ`, `rathāḥ`, `pattigaṇāḥ`, `tāvakāḥ`.

गाम् (gām) - to the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, earth, speech

Note: Object of `gatāḥ`.

अवशाः (avaśāḥ) - helpless, powerless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avaśa

avaśa - not free, helpless, powerless

`a` (not) + `vaśa` (control)

Compound type : nayatatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vaśa – will, power, control
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `mahāgajāḥ`, `hayāḥ`, `rathāḥ`, `pattigaṇāḥ`, `tāvakāḥ`.

विचूर्णिताः (vicūrṇitāḥ) - completely shattered, crushed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vicūrṇita

vicūrṇita - shattered, crushed, pulverized

Past Passive Participle

From root `cūrṇ` (to grind) with prefix `vi`

Prefix: vi

Root: cūrṇ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `mahāgajāḥ`, `hayāḥ`, `rathāḥ`, `pattigaṇāḥ`, `tāvakāḥ`.