महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-62, verse-49

स नागराजः सनियन्तृकोऽपतत्पराहतो बभ्रुसुतेषुभिर्भृशम् ।
स चापि देवावृधसूनुरर्दितः पपात नुन्नः सहदेवसूनुना ॥४९॥

49. sa nāgarājaḥ saniyantṛko'pata;tparāhato babhrusuteṣubhirbhṛśam ,
sa cāpi devāvṛdhasūnurarditaḥ; papāta nunnaḥ sahadevasūnunā.

49. saḥ nāgarājaḥ sa-niyantṛkaḥ apatat
parāhataḥ babhrusuteṣubhiḥ bhṛśam
| saḥ ca api devāvṛdhasūnuḥ
arditaḥ papāta nunnaḥ sahadevasūnunā

49. saḥ nāgarājaḥ sa-niyantṛkaḥ
babhrusuteṣubhiḥ bhṛśam parāhataḥ
apatat saḥ ca api devāvṛdhasūnuḥ
arditaḥ sahadevasūnunā nunnaḥ papāta

49. That great elephant (nāgarāja), along with its driver, fell, having been severely struck by numerous arrows from Babhru's son. And Devāvṛdha's son, also afflicted, fell, having been pushed down by Sahadeva's son.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - the great elephant (referred to in previous verses) (king of serpents, king of elephants)

• स-नियन्तृकः (sa-niyantṛkaḥ) - with the driver, accompanied by the controller

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, collapsed

• पराहतः (parāhataḥ) - severely struck, utterly vanquished, completely wounded

• बभ्रुसुतेषुभिः (babhrusuteṣubhiḥ) - by the arrows of Babhru's son

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely, greatly, severely

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• देवावृधसूनुः (devāvṛdhasūnuḥ) - Devāvṛdha's son (proper name of a warrior) (Devāvṛdha's son)

• अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - afflicted, wounded, distressed

• पपात (papāta) - fell down, collapsed

• नुन्नः (nunnaḥ) - pushed, impelled, expelled

• सहदेवसूनुना (sahadevasūnunā) - by Sahadeva's son (proper name of a warrior) (by Sahadeva's son)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - the great elephant (referred to in previous verses) (king of serpents, king of elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents, chief of serpents; chief of elephants, great elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rāja)

• nāga – serpent, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Context suggests "chief of elephants" or "great elephant".

स-नियन्तृकः (sa-niyantṛkaḥ) - with the driver, accompanied by the controller

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-niyantṛka

sa-niyantṛka - accompanied by a driver/controller

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'one who has a controller'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+niyantṛka)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• niyantṛka – driver, controller, charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies nāgarājaḥ.

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, collapsed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The 'a' is the augment for the imperfect tense, not an upasarga.

पराहतः (parāhataḥ) - severely struck, utterly vanquished, completely wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāhata

parāhata - severely struck, utterly defeated, completely wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix parā- (away, utterly) + root han (to strike, kill)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (parā+hata)

• parā – away, back, utterly
  indeclinable
• hata – struck, killed, injured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies nāgarājaḥ.

बभ्रुसुतेषुभिः (babhrusuteṣubhiḥ) - by the arrows of Babhru's son

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of babhrusuteṣu

babhrusuteṣu - arrows of Babhru's son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (babhru-suta+iṣu)

• babhru-suta – son of Babhru (proper name of a warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: babhru-suta itself is a compound 'Babhru's son'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely, greatly, severely

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

देवावृधसूनुः (devāvṛdhasūnuḥ) - Devāvṛdha's son (proper name of a warrior) (Devāvṛdha's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devāvṛdhasūnu

devāvṛdhasūnu - son of Devāvṛdha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (devāvṛdha+sūnu)

• devāvṛdha – Devāvṛdha (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sūnu – son
  noun (masculine)

अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - afflicted, wounded, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardita

ardita - afflicted, wounded, pained, distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ard (to pain, afflict)

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies devāvṛdhasūnuḥ.

पपात (papāta) - fell down, collapsed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Reduplicated perfect tense form.

नुन्नः (nunnaḥ) - pushed, impelled, expelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nunna

nunna - pushed, impelled, moved, driven

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root nud (to push, impel)

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Qualifies devāvṛdhasūnuḥ.

सहदेवसूनुना (sahadevasūnunā) - by Sahadeva's son (proper name of a warrior) (by Sahadeva's son)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sahadevasūnu

sahadevasūnu - son of Sahadeva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sahadeva+sūnu)

• sahadeva – Sahadeva (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sūnu – son
  noun (masculine)