महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-62, verse-40

अथाभवद्युद्धमतीव दारुणं पुनः कुरूणां सह पाण्डुसृञ्जयैः ।
शरासिशक्त्यृष्टिगदापरश्वधैर्नराश्वनागासुहरं भृशाकुलम् ॥४०॥

40. athābhavadyuddhamatīva dāruṇaṁ; punaḥ kurūṇāṁ saha pāṇḍusṛñjayaiḥ ,
śarāsiśaktyṛṣṭigadāparaśvadhai;rnarāśvanāgāsuharaṁ bhṛśākulam.

40. atha abhavat yuddhaṃ atīva dāruṇaṃ
punaḥ kurūṇāṃ saha pāṇḍusr̥ñjayaiḥ
śarāsiśaktyr̥ṣṭigadāparaśvadhaiḥ
narāśvanāgāsuharaṃ bhr̥śākulam

40. atha punaḥ kurūṇāṃ pāṇḍusr̥ñjayaiḥ
saha atīva dāruṇaṃ narāśvanāgāsuharaṃ
bhr̥śākulam
śarāsiśaktyr̥ṣṭigadāparaśvadhaiḥ yuddhaṃ abhavat

40. Then again, an exceedingly dreadful and intensely chaotic battle occurred between the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas and Sr̥ñjayas. It destroyed the lives of men, horses, and elephants, (fought) with arrows, swords, spears, lances, maces, and axes.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating continuation) (now, then, moreover)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, there was (occurred, became, was)

• युद्धं (yuddhaṁ) - battle (battle, fight, war)

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly (exceedingly, very, highly)

• दारुणं (dāruṇaṁ) - dreadful, terrible (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more, further)

• कुरूणां (kurūṇāṁ) - of the Kurus (one side of the battle) (of the Kurus)

• सह (saha) - with (with, accompanied by)

• पाण्डुस्र्̥ञ्जयैः (pāṇḍusr̥ñjayaiḥ) - with the Pāṇḍavas and Sr̥ñjayas (the other side of the battle) (with the Pāṇḍus and Sr̥ñjayas)

• शरासिशक्त्य्र्̥ष्टिगदापरश्वधैः (śarāsiśaktyr̥ṣṭigadāparaśvadhaiḥ) - with arrows, swords, spears, lances, maces, and axes (the weapons used) (with arrows, swords, spears, lances, maces, and axes)

• नराश्वनागासुहरं (narāśvanāgāsuharaṁ) - destroying the lives of men, horses, and elephants (a characteristic of the battle) (destroying the lives of men, horses, and elephants)

• भ्र्̥शाकुलम् (bhr̥śākulam) - intensely chaotic (greatly agitated, intensely confused, very disordered)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating continuation) (now, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, there was (occurred, became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Null subject is implied as "it" or "there".

युद्धं (yuddhaṁ) - battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (from yudh 'to fight')

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhavat.

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly (exceedingly, very, highly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies dāruṇaṃ.

दारुणं (dāruṇaṁ) - dreadful, terrible (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh

Note: In agreement with yuddhaṃ.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more, further)

(indeclinable)

कुरूणां (kurūṇāṁ) - of the Kurus (one side of the battle) (of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - name of an ancient king, name of a dynasty, name of a people

Note: Expresses one of the parties involved in the battle, in construction with saha and the instrumental.

सह (saha) - with (with, accompanied by)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डुस्र्̥ञ्जयैः (pāṇḍusr̥ñjayaiḥ) - with the Pāṇḍavas and Sr̥ñjayas (the other side of the battle) (with the Pāṇḍus and Sr̥ñjayas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusr̥ñjaya

pāṇḍusr̥ñjaya - Pāṇḍus and Sr̥ñjayas (names of two groups/dynasties)

Dvanda compound of Pāṇḍu and Sr̥ñjaya

Compound type : dvandva (pāṇḍu+sr̥ñjaya)

• pāṇḍu – name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas; the Pāṇḍavas (collectively)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sr̥ñjaya – name of a king, a people allied with the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: In agreement with saha.

शरासिशक्त्य्र्̥ष्टिगदापरश्वधैः (śarāsiśaktyr̥ṣṭigadāparaśvadhaiḥ) - with arrows, swords, spears, lances, maces, and axes (the weapons used) (with arrows, swords, spears, lances, maces, and axes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śarāsiśaktyr̥ṣṭigadāparaśvadha

śarāsiśaktyr̥ṣṭigadāparaśvadha - arrows, swords, spears, lances, maces, and axes (collectively)

Dvanda compound of śara, asi, śakti, r̥ṣṭi, gadā, paraśvadha

Compound type : dvandva (śara+asi+śakti+r̥ṣṭi+gadā+paraśvadha)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• asi – sword
  noun (masculine)
• śakti – spear, lance, dart
  noun (feminine)
• r̥ṣṭi – spear, lance
  noun (feminine)
• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• paraśvadha – axe, battle-axe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the means of fighting in the battle.

नराश्वनागासुहरं (narāśvanāgāsuharaṁ) - destroying the lives of men, horses, and elephants (a characteristic of the battle) (destroying the lives of men, horses, and elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of narāśvanāgāsuhara

narāśvanāgāsuhara - destroying the lives of men, horses, and elephants

Compound of nara (man), aśva (horse), nāga (elephant), asu (life), and hara (destroyer, taking away)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+aśva+nāga+asu+hara)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant; serpent
  noun (masculine)
• asu – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• hara – taking away, seizing, removing, destroying
  adjective (masculine)
  From root hr̥ (to take, carry)
  Root: hr̥ (class 1)

Note: In agreement with yuddhaṃ.

भ्र्̥शाकुलम् (bhr̥śākulam) - intensely chaotic (greatly agitated, intensely confused, very disordered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhr̥śākula

bhr̥śākula - greatly agitated, intensely confused, very disordered

Compound of bhr̥śa (intensely) and ākula (confused, agitated)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhr̥śa+ākula)

• bhr̥śa – intense, great, much
  adjective (neuter)
• ākula – confused, agitated, disordered, crowded
  adjective (neuter)
  From root kul (to collect, crowd) with upasarga ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: In agreement with yuddhaṃ.