महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-62, verse-31

स भीमसेनस्य रथं हताश्वो माद्रीसुतः कर्णसुताभितप्तः ।
आपुप्लुवे सिंह इवाचलाग्रं संप्रेक्षमाणस्य धनंजयस्य ॥३१॥

31. sa bhīmasenasya rathaṁ hatāśvo; mādrīsutaḥ karṇasutābhitaptaḥ ,
āpupluve siṁha ivācalāgraṁ; saṁprekṣamāṇasya dhanaṁjayasya.

31. saḥ bhīmasenasya ratham hataśvaḥ
mādrīsutaḥ karṇasutābhitaptaḥ
āpapluve siṃhaḥ iva acalāgram
samprekṣamāṇasya dhanaṃjayasya

31. hataśvaḥ karṇasutābhitaptaḥ
mādrīsutaḥ saḥ dhanaṃjayasya
samprekṣamāṇasya bhīmasenasya ratham
acalāgram siṃhaḥ iva āpapluve

31. With his horses slain, and tormented by Karna's son, Madri's son (Nakula) leapt onto Bhimasena's chariot, just as a lion springs upon a mountain peak, while Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) looked on.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Nakula) (he, that)

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• हतश्वः (hataśvaḥ) - whose horses were killed (referring to Nakula's chariot) (whose horses were slain, having slain horses)

• माद्रीसुतः (mādrīsutaḥ) - Nakula, son of Madri (son of Madri)

• कर्णसुताभितप्तः (karṇasutābhitaptaḥ) - distressed by Karna's son, tormented by Karna's son

• आपप्लुवे (āpapluve) - he jumped, leapt

• सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अचलाग्रम् (acalāgram) - mountain peak

• सम्प्रेक्षमाणस्य (samprekṣamāṇasya) - of Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) who was watching (of one who was looking on, watching)

• धनंजयस्य (dhanaṁjayasya) - of Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) (of Dhanañjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Nakula) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (a name)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

हतश्वः (hataśvaḥ) - whose horses were killed (referring to Nakula's chariot) (whose horses were slain, having slain horses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hataśva

hataśva - having horses slain, whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+aśva)

• hata – slain, killed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

माद्रीसुतः (mādrīsutaḥ) - Nakula, son of Madri (son of Madri)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādrīsuta

mādrīsuta - son of Madri

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+suta)

• mādrī – Madri (mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)

कर्णसुताभितप्तः (karṇasutābhitaptaḥ) - distressed by Karna's son, tormented by Karna's son

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇasutābhitapta

karṇasutābhitapta - oppressed by Karna's son

Compound type : tatpurusha (karṇasuta+abhitapta)

• karṇasuta – son of Karna
  noun (masculine)
• abhitapta – tormented, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: tap (class 1)

आपप्लुवे (āpapluve) - he jumped, leapt

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āplu

Perfect

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अचलाग्रम् (acalāgram) - mountain peak

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of acalāgra

acalāgra - mountain peak

Compound type : tatpurusha (acala+agra)

• acala – mountain (lit. that which does not move)
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, peak, tip
  noun (neuter)

सम्प्रेक्षमाणस्य (samprekṣamāṇasya) - of Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) who was watching (of one who was looking on, watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samprekṣamāṇa

samprekṣamāṇa - watching, looking on, observing

Present Middle Participle

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

धनंजयस्य (dhanaṁjayasya) - of Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) (of Dhanañjaya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Dhanañjaya (an epithet of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')