महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-62

अविद्यः पुरुषः शोच्यः शोच्यं मिथुनमप्रजम् ।
निराहाराः प्रजाः शोच्याः शोच्यं राष्ट्रमराजकम् ॥६२॥

62. avidyaḥ puruṣaḥ śocyaḥ śocyaṁ mithunamaprajam ,
nirāhārāḥ prajāḥ śocyāḥ śocyaṁ rāṣṭramarājakam.

62. avidyaḥ puruṣaḥ śocyaḥ śocyam mithunam aprajam
nirāhārāḥ prajāḥ śocyāḥ śocyam rāṣṭram arājakam

62. A man who is ignorant (avidya) is to be pitied; a childless couple is to be pitied; people suffering from starvation are to be pitied; and a nation without a ruler is to be pitied.

Words meanings summery:

• अविद्यः (avidyaḥ) - ignorant, unlearned, without knowledge

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person

• शोच्यः (śocyaḥ) - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

• शोच्यम् (śocyam) - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

• मिथुनम् (mithunam) - a couple, a pair

• अप्रजम् (aprajam) - childless, without offspring

• निराहाराः (nirāhārāḥ) - without food, starved, fasting

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, offspring

• शोच्याः (śocyāḥ) - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - a kingdom, a nation, a realm

• अराजकम् (arājakam) - kingless, without a ruler, anarchic

Words meanings and morphology

अविद्यः (avidyaḥ) - ignorant, unlearned, without knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidya

avidya - ignorant, unlearned, absence of knowledge, spiritual ignorance (avidyā)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
• vidya – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Masculine form of avidya (from a + vidyā).

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

शोच्यः (śocyaḥ) - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śocya

śocya - to be grieved, lamentable, pitiable

Gerundive

root śuc + ya (kṛtya affix)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Gerundive of śuc 'to mourn, to grieve'.

शोच्यम् (śocyam) - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śocya

śocya - to be grieved, lamentable, pitiable

Gerundive

root śuc + ya (kṛtya affix)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Neuter form, modifying mithunam and rāṣṭram.

मिथुनम् (mithunam) - a couple, a pair

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mithuna

mithuna - pair, couple, male and female

अप्रजम् (aprajam) - childless, without offspring

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apraja

apraja - childless, without offspring

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+praja)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
• praja – offspring, progeny, people
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies mithunam.

निराहाराः (nirāhārāḥ) - without food, starved, fasting

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, abstaining from food, starving

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – out, without, away
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, sustenance, taking
  noun (masculine)
  from root hṛ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Feminine plural form, modifying prajāḥ.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects

Root: jan (class 4)

शोच्याः (śocyāḥ) - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śocya

śocya - to be grieved, lamentable, pitiable

Gerundive

root śuc + ya (kṛtya affix)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Feminine plural form, modifying prajāḥ.

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - a kingdom, a nation, a realm

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, nation, country

अराजकम् (arājakam) - kingless, without a ruler, anarchic

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, anarchic, without a ruler

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+rājan)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Modifies rāṣṭram.