महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-40

अपनीतं सुनीतेन योऽर्थं प्रत्यानिनीषते ।
मतिमास्थाय सुदृढां तदकापुरुषव्रतम् ॥४०॥

40. apanītaṁ sunītena yo'rthaṁ pratyāninīṣate ,
matimāsthāya sudṛḍhāṁ tadakāpuruṣavratam.

40. apanītam sunītena yaḥ artham pratyāninīṣate
| matim āsthāya sudṛḍhām tat akāpuruṣavratam

40. Whoever wishes to reclaim what has been lost, through sound policy and by adopting a very firm resolve, that is indeed the characteristic conduct of a capable person.

Words meanings summery:

• अपनीतम् (apanītam) - taken away, lost, removed

• सुनीतेन (sunītena) - by good policy, by sound conduct, by good strategy

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, object, wealth, matter

• प्रत्यानिनीषते (pratyāninīṣate) - desires to bring back, wishes to regain

• मतिम् (matim) - intellect, mind, understanding, resolve

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having adopted, having taken up

• सुदृढाम् (sudṛḍhām) - very firm, resolute, strong

• तत् (tat) - that

• अकापुरुषव्रतम् (akāpuruṣavratam) - the conduct of a capable person, not the vow of a cowardly man

Words meanings and morphology

अपनीतम् (apanītam) - taken away, lost, removed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apanīta

apanīta - taken away, removed, lost

Past Passive Participle

From root nī with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'artham'

सुनीतेन (sunītena) - by good policy, by sound conduct, by good strategy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sunīta

sunīta - good policy, sound conduct; well-guided

Compound of su (good) and nīta (policy/conduct)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+nīta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb
• nīta – led, guided, conducted; policy, conduct
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nī
  Root: nī (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, object, wealth, matter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, matter

प्रत्यानिनीषते (pratyāninīṣate) - desires to bring back, wishes to regain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratyāninīṣ

Desiderative

Desiderative of root nī with prefixes prati and ā. Atmanepada ending.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

मतिम् (matim) - intellect, mind, understanding, resolve

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, intelligence, understanding, resolve

From root man

Root: man (class 4)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having adopted, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सुदृढाम् (sudṛḍhām) - very firm, resolute, strong

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sudṛḍha

sudṛḍha - very firm, very strong, resolute

Compound of su (very) and dṛḍha (firm)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dṛḍha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb
• dṛḍha – firm, strong, steadfast
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: dṛṃh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'matim'

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this (demonstrative pronoun)

अकापुरुषव्रतम् (akāpuruṣavratam) - the conduct of a capable person, not the vow of a cowardly man

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akāpuruṣavrata

akāpuruṣavrata - conduct of a non-cowardly man, brave man's resolve/practice

Compound of akāpuruṣa (non-cowardly man) and vrata (vow/conduct)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akāpuruṣa+vrata)

• akāpuruṣa – non-cowardly man, brave man
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound of 'a' and 'kāpuruṣa'
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, conduct, practice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)