महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-41

आयत्यां प्रतिकारज्ञस्तदात्वे दृढनिश्चयः ।
अतीते कार्यशेषज्ञो नरोऽर्थैर्न प्रहीयते ॥४१॥

41. āyatyāṁ pratikārajñastadātve dṛḍhaniścayaḥ ,
atīte kāryaśeṣajño naro'rthairna prahīyate.

41. āyatyām pratikārajñaḥ tadātve dṛḍhaniścayaḥ
atīte kāryaśeṣajñaḥ naraḥ arthaiḥ na prahīyate

41. A man who understands the remedies for future challenges, is firm in his resolve in the present, and knows what remains to be done concerning past actions, is never deprived of his objectives (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• आयत्याम् (āyatyām) - in the future, regarding the future, in future time

• प्रतिकारज्ञः (pratikārajñaḥ) - knowing remedies, knowing countermeasures, one who understands appropriate responses

• तदात्वे (tadātve) - in the present, at that time, then

• दृढनिश्चयः (dṛḍhaniścayaḥ) - firm in resolve, steadfast in determination, having a firm decision

• अतीते (atīte) - in the past, regarding the past, in the elapsed time

• कार्यशेषज्ञः (kāryaśeṣajñaḥ) - knowing the remainder of actions, knowing what remains to be done, skilled in unfinished business

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - by objectives, by possessions, by wealth, by means, by aims

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• प्रहीयते (prahīyate) - is deprived, loses, is abandoned, is given up

Words meanings and morphology

आयत्याम् (āyatyām) - in the future, regarding the future, in future time

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āyati

āyati - future, coming, approach, income, prosperity

From root `i` with `ā` prefix

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

प्रतिकारज्ञः (pratikārajñaḥ) - knowing remedies, knowing countermeasures, one who understands appropriate responses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratikārajña

pratikārajña - knowing a remedy, knowing a counter-action, skilled in reparation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratikāra+jña)

• pratikāra – remedy, counter-action, retaliation
  noun (masculine)
  From `prati-kṛ`
  Prefix: prati
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, skilled in
  adjective
  Derived from root `jñā`
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तदात्वे (tadātve) - in the present, at that time, then

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tadātva

tadātva - the present, present time, existing at that time

From `tad` + `ātva` suffix

दृढनिश्चयः (dṛḍhaniścayaḥ) - firm in resolve, steadfast in determination, having a firm decision

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhaniścaya

dṛḍhaniścaya - firm determination, strong resolve, one who is firm in resolve

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+niścaya)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, solid, resolute
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dṛh` with suffix `ta`
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• niścaya – resolve, determination, certainty, decision
  noun (masculine)
  From `ni-ci`
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

अतीते (atīte) - in the past, regarding the past, in the elapsed time

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of atīta

atīta - past, gone, elapsed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From `ati-i`

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

कार्यशेषज्ञः (kāryaśeṣajñaḥ) - knowing the remainder of actions, knowing what remains to be done, skilled in unfinished business

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāryaśeṣajña

kāryaśeṣajña - knowing the remaining work, one who knows what is left to be done

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāryaśeṣa+jña)

• kārya – to be done, duty, action, business
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root `kṛ` with suffix `ya`
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, balance, what is left
  noun (masculine)
  From root `śiṣ`
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, skilled in
  adjective
  Derived from root `jñā`
  Root: jñā (class 9)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - by objectives, by possessions, by wealth, by means, by aims

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of artha

artha - aim, purpose, object, meaning, wealth, possession, advantage

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

प्रहीयते (prahīyate) - is deprived, loses, is abandoned, is given up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hā

Present Passive

Root `hā` with `pra` prefix, in passive voice. `hīyate` is the passive form.

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)