महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-5

न स क्षयो महाराज यः क्षयो वृद्धिमावहेत् ।
क्षयः स त्विह मन्तव्यो यं लब्ध्वा बहु नाशयेत् ॥५॥

5. na sa kṣayo mahārāja yaḥ kṣayo vṛddhimāvahet ,
kṣayaḥ sa tviha mantavyo yaṁ labdhvā bahu nāśayet.

5. na saḥ kṣayaḥ mahārāja yaḥ kṣayaḥ vṛddhim āvahet
kṣayaḥ saḥ tu iha mantavyaḥ yam labdhvā bahu nāśayet

5. O great king, that is not a loss which brings about growth. Rather, that is considered a loss by which one obtains something and then loses much in return.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - loss, destruction, decay

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - loss, destruction, decay

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, increase, prosperity

• आवहेत् (āvahet) - would bring, should bring

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - loss, destruction, decay

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• मन्तव्यः (mantavyaḥ) - to be considered, ought to be thought

• यम् (yam) - which, whom

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, great

• नाशयेत् (nāśayet) - would lose, would destroy

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - loss, destruction, decay

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - loss, destruction, waste, decay, decline

From root √kṣi (to waste, perish)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahant (great).
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem noun

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - loss, destruction, decay

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - loss, destruction, waste, decay, decline

From root √kṣi (to waste, perish)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, increase, prosperity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success, development

From root √vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

आवहेत् (āvahet) - would bring, should bring

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of ā-vah

Prefix: ā

Root: vah (class 1)

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - loss, destruction, decay

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - loss, destruction, waste, decay, decline

From root √kṣi (to waste, perish)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

मन्तव्यः (mantavyaḥ) - to be considered, ought to be thought

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mantavya

mantavya - to be thought, to be considered, proper to be considered

Gerundive

Derived from root √man with suffix -tavya.

Root: man (class 4)

यम् (yam) - which, whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √labh with suffix -tvā.

Root: labh (class 1)

बहु (bahu) - much, many, great

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Used here as an adverbial accusative, meaning 'much'.

नाशयेत् (nāśayet) - would lose, would destroy

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of nāśay

Causal

Causal form of root √naś (to perish).

Root: naś (class 4)