महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-27

येन खट्वां समारूढः परितप्येत कर्मणा ।
आदावेव न तत्कुर्यादध्रुवे जीविते सति ॥२७॥

27. yena khaṭvāṁ samārūḍhaḥ paritapyeta karmaṇā ,
ādāveva na tatkuryādadhruve jīvite sati.

27. yena khaṭvām samārūḍhaḥ paritapyeta karmaṇā
ādau eva na tat kuryāt adhruve jīvite sati

27. One should not perform that action which would cause one to be tormented later, when lying on a cot (on one's deathbed), especially when life itself is uncertain.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by which, with which

• खट्वाम् (khaṭvām) - cot, bed

• समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - having ascended a cot (implying being on a sickbed or deathbed) (having ascended, having mounted)

• परितप्येत (paritapyeta) - would be tormented, would suffer greatly

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by (that specific) action (karma) (by action, by deed)

• आदौ (ādau) - at the beginning, at first

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, very

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, should perform

• अध्रुवे (adhruve) - uncertain, impermanent, unstable

• जीविते (jīvite) - life, living

• सति (sati) - being, existing, present

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by which, with which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what

खट्वाम् (khaṭvām) - cot, bed

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of khaṭvā

khaṭvā - cot, bed, couch

समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - having ascended a cot (implying being on a sickbed or deathbed) (having ascended, having mounted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samārūḍha

samārūḍha - ascended, mounted, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root ruh (to ascend) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

परितप्येत (paritapyeta) - would be tormented, would suffer greatly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (liṅ) of paritapyeta

Optative form of root tap (to torment, suffer) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 4)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by (that specific) action (karma) (by action, by deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, (karma), ritual

आदौ (ādau) - at the beginning, at first

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, commencement, first

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, very

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, should perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kuryāt

Optative form of root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अध्रुवे (adhruve) - uncertain, impermanent, unstable

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of adhruva

adhruva - uncertain, impermanent, unstable, non-constant

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhruva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dhruva – firm, fixed, constant, certain
  adjective (masculine)

जीविते (jīvite) - life, living

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, means of livelihood

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv

सति (sati) - being, existing, present

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root as (to be). Used in locative absolute construction.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'adhruve jīvite sati' (while life being uncertain).