महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-48

दुःखार्तेषु प्रमत्तेषु नास्तिकेष्वलसेषु च ।
न श्रीर्वसत्यदान्तेषु ये चोत्साहविवर्जिताः ॥४८॥

48. duḥkhārteṣu pramatteṣu nāstikeṣvalaseṣu ca ,
na śrīrvasatyadānteṣu ye cotsāhavivarjitāḥ.

48. duḥkhārteṣu pramatteṣu nāstikeṣu alaseṣu ca na
śrīḥ vasati adānteṣu ye ca utsāhavivarjitāḥ

48. Prosperity (śrī) does not reside among those who are afflicted by misery, are negligent, are unbelievers, are lazy, are unrestrained, and are devoid of enthusiasm.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखार्तेषु (duḥkhārteṣu) - among those afflicted by sorrow/misery

• प्रमत्तेषु (pramatteṣu) - among the negligent, careless, heedless

• नास्तिकेषु (nāstikeṣu) - among the atheists, unbelievers

• अलसेषु (alaseṣu) - among the lazy, idle, sluggish

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• श्रीः (śrīḥ) - Prosperity (often personified as the goddess Lakshmi) (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, Lakshmi)

• वसति (vasati) - resides, dwells, lives

• अदान्तेषु (adānteṣu) - among the unsubdued, uncontrolled, unrestrained

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्साहविवर्जिताः (utsāhavivarjitāḥ) - those who are devoid of enthusiasm/energy

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखार्तेषु (duḥkhārteṣu) - among those afflicted by sorrow/misery

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed, miserable

Compound of 'duḥkha' (sorrow) and 'ārta' (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, misery, pain
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with prefix 'ā-', meaning distressed.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Used here as a substantive: 'among those who are afflicted by sorrow'.

प्रमत्तेषु (pramatteṣu) - among the negligent, careless, heedless

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of pramatta

pramatta - negligent, careless, heedless, intoxicated, mad

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mad' (to be mad, intoxicated) with upasarga 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used here as a substantive: 'among the negligent'.

नास्तिकेषु (nāstikeṣu) - among the atheists, unbelievers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of nāstika

nāstika - atheist, unbeliever, one who denies authority (e.g., of Vedas or a future life)

Derived from 'na asti' (there is not) + suffix '-ika'.

अलसेषु (alaseṣu) - among the lazy, idle, sluggish

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of alasa

alasa - lazy, idle, sluggish, inactive

Note: Used here as a substantive: 'among the lazy'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

श्रीः (śrīḥ) - Prosperity (often personified as the goddess Lakshmi) (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, Lakshmi)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, auspiciousness, the goddess Lakshmi

वसति (vasati) - resides, dwells, lives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root 'vas' (class 1) in the present indicative, active voice.

Root: vas (class 1)

अदान्तेषु (adānteṣu) - among the unsubdued, uncontrolled, unrestrained

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of adānta

adānta - unsubdued, uncontrolled, unrestrained, wild

Compound of negative prefix 'a-' and 'dānta' (Past Passive Participle of root 'dam').

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dānta – subdued, controlled, disciplined, patient
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dam' (to subdue, to control).
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Used here as a substantive: 'among the uncontrolled'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उत्साहविवर्जिताः (utsāhavivarjitāḥ) - those who are devoid of enthusiasm/energy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utsāhavivarjita

utsāhavivarjita - devoid of enthusiasm, lacking in energy/exertion

Compound of 'utsāha' (enthusiasm) and 'vivarjita' (deprived of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (utsāha+vivarjita)

• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, exertion, courage
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sah' (to endure, to overcome) with upasarga 'ut-'.
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sah (class 1)
• vivarjita – deprived of, abandoned, devoid of, excluded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛj' (to avoid, to abandon) with prefix 'vi-'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the relative pronoun 'ye'.