महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-20

वृद्धेन हि त्वया कार्यं पुत्राणां तात रक्षणम् ।
मया चापि हितं वाच्यं विद्धि मां त्वद्धितैषिणम् ॥२०॥

20. vṛddhena hi tvayā kāryaṁ putrāṇāṁ tāta rakṣaṇam ,
mayā cāpi hitaṁ vācyaṁ viddhi māṁ tvaddhitaiṣiṇam.

20. vṛddhena hi tvayā kāryam putrāṇām tāta rakṣaṇam
mayā ca api hitam vācyam viddhi mām tvaddhitaiṣiṇam

20. Indeed, by you, being aged, the protection of your sons should be undertaken, dear father. And what is beneficial should be spoken by me. Know me as your well-wisher.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by you, being aged (by the old, by the aged, by the elder)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be undertaken (to be done, duty, action, what should be done)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of your sons (of the sons)

• तात (tāta) - dear father (dear father, dear one (term of endearment))

• रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - the protection (protection, guarding, preserving)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

• हितम् (hitam) - what is beneficial (beneficial, salutary, welfare, good)

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, to be said, should be spoken)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

• माम् (mām) - me (me, myself)

• त्वद्धितैषिणम् (tvaddhitaiṣiṇam) - your well-wisher (your well-wisher, one desirous of your welfare)

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by you, being aged (by the old, by the aged, by the elder)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented

Past Passive Participle

from vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvayā'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive construction 'kāryam rakṣaṇam'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be undertaken (to be done, duty, action, what should be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, business

Gerundive

from kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It functions as the predicate.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of your sons (of the sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Governed by 'rakṣaṇam'.

तात (tāta) - dear father (dear father, dear one (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment, often used by younger to elder or equals)

Note: Vidura addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - the protection (protection, guarding, preserving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣaṇa

rakṣaṇa - protecting, guarding, preserving; protection, defense

action noun

from rakṣ + ana

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: It functions as the subject for 'kāryam'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent of the passive 'vācyam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ca' for emphasis/addition.

हितम् (hitam) - what is beneficial (beneficial, salutary, welfare, good)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, welfare; that which is good

Past Passive Participle

from dhā (to place) + hi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'vācyam'.

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, to be said, should be spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, fit to be spoken

Gerundive

from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicative gerundive.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular, active voice, imperative

Root: vid (class 2)

माम् (mām) - me (me, myself)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'viddhi'.

त्वद्धितैषिणम् (tvaddhitaiṣiṇam) - your well-wisher (your well-wisher, one desirous of your welfare)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvaddhitaiṣin

tvaddhitaiṣin - desirous of your welfare, your well-wisher

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvat+hita+eṣin)

• tvat – your (ablative of 'you')
  pronoun
• hita – welfare, benefit, good
  noun (neuter)
• eṣin – seeking, desiring, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  from iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicative object for 'mām'.